{"ok":true,"data":{"subject":{"kind":"trial","nctId":"NCT02180867","title":"Radiation Therapy With or Without Combination Chemotherapy or Pazopanib Before Surgery in Treating Patients With Newly Diagnosed Non-rhabdomyosarcoma Soft Tissue Sarcomas That Can Be Removed by Surgery","sponsor":"National Cancer Institute (NCI)","phases":["PHASE2","PHASE3"],"status":"COMPLETED","indication":{"slug":"osteosarcoma","name":"Osteosarcoma"},"disease":"osteosarcoma"},"rows":[{"n":1,"question":"Is the biology right?","flags":[{"id":"somatic_driver","label":"Somatic driver evidence","value":"yes","detail":"CSF1R, KIT, LCK in osteosarcoma","rule":"Open Targets has somatic-mutation evidence for the target in this cancer","source":{"label":"Open Targets: CSF1R in osteosarcoma","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000182578/MONDO_0009807","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},"context":[{"figure":"2.3× relative success for targets with somatic (IntOGen) support in oncology","dataset":"Minikel et al., Nature 2024","years":"drug programs to 2023","caveat":"A ratio between groups, not a probability for this program; mostly phase 2 to 3."}]},{"id":"human_genetic","label":"Human genetic evidence","value":"yes","detail":"CSF1R: somatic; KIT: somatic; LCK: somatic","rule":"Any germline or somatic human genetic evidence for the target in this cancer, counted apart from animal-model and literature evidence","source":{"label":"Open Targets: CSF1R in osteosarcoma","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000182578/MONDO_0009807","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},"context":[{"figure":"2.6× relative probability of success, phase 1 to launch, with human genetic support","dataset":"Minikel et al., Nature 2024","years":"drug programs to 2023","caveat":"All therapy areas, mostly germline evidence; not a probability for this program."}]},{"id":"pediatric_target","label":"Pediatric target","value":"yes","detail":"CSF1R, KIT on the FDA list","rule":"Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets); membership alone neither requires nor waives a study","source":{"label":"FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01))","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/191157/download?attachment","date":"2026-11-11T07:05:03Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"haematologic","label":"Haematologic cancer","value":"no","detail":"Solid tumour","rule":"From the indication, or the registry conditions when no indication matches","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180867","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02180867","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},"context":[{"figure":"Likelihood of approval from phase 1: 7.5% haematologic vs 4.6% solid","dataset":"BIO / Informa / QLS 2021","years":"2011–2020","caveat":"Population-level, not a prediction."}]}],"facts":[{"label":"Background therapy","text":"Doxorubicin, Ifosfamide: standard agents, not counted in these flags."},{"label":"TOP2A (via Doxorubicin Hydrochloride)","text":"Evidence types in osteosarcoma: literature, clinical; literature listed separately from human genetics. Datasources: clinical_precedence, europepmc.","source":{"label":"Open Targets: TOP2A in osteosarcoma","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000131747/MONDO_0009807","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"}},{"label":"CSF1R (via Pazopanib)","text":"Evidence types in osteosarcoma: literature, somatic_mutation, clinical; literature listed separately from human genetics. Datasources: cancer_gene_census, clinical_precedence, europepmc.","source":{"label":"Open Targets: CSF1R in osteosarcoma","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000182578/MONDO_0009807","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"}},{"label":"KIT (via Pazopanib)","text":"Evidence types in osteosarcoma: literature, somatic_mutation, clinical; literature listed separately from human genetics. Datasources: cancer_gene_census, clinical_precedence, europepmc.","source":{"label":"Open Targets: KIT in osteosarcoma","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000157404/MONDO_0009807","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"}},{"label":"LCK (via Pazopanib)","text":"Evidence types in osteosarcoma: literature, rna_expression, somatic_mutation, clinical; literature listed separately from human genetics. Datasources: cancer_gene_census, clinical_precedence, expression_atlas, europepmc.","source":{"label":"Open Targets: LCK in osteosarcoma","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000182866/MONDO_0009807","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"}}],"pending":[{"what":"Normal-tissue expression in vital organs","source":"Human Protein Atlas (ticket 36)"},{"what":"Pan-essential in cell lines","source":"DepMap (ticket 36)"},{"what":"Approved drug on this target","source":"Drugs@FDA (ticket 30)"}]},{"n":2,"question":"Can the result be trusted?","flags":[{"id":"randomised","label":"Randomised","value":"yes","detail":"Randomised allocation","rule":"Registry allocation field","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180867","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02180867","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"small_denominator","label":"Small denominator","value":"no","detail":"140 enrolled; each patient moves a rate by 100 ÷ 140 = 0.7 points","rule":"Enrolment under 30; the arithmetic is shown, not a benchmark","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180867","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02180867","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"primary_os","label":"Primary endpoint is overall survival","value":"no","detail":"Feasible Dose: Pediatric; Feasible Dose: Adult; Percentage of Chemoradiotherapy Patients With Positive Pathologic Response at Week 13 (and 2 more)","rule":"A registered primary outcome measure names overall survival","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180867","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02180867","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},"context":[{"figure":"Non-OS primary endpoint: odds ratio 2.79 for a positive phase 3","dataset":"Otsuka 2021, 400 phase 3 oncology trials","years":"to 2020","caveat":"Shown with the next figure: a surrogate is easier to hit, and often a weak guide to survival."},{"figure":"52% of surrogate-to-OS correlations are low","dataset":"Prasad 2015","years":"published to 2014","caveat":"Shown with the figure above."}]},{"id":"results_overdue","label":"Results overdue","value":"no","detail":"Results posted 2020-10-09","rule":"Primary completion (actual) more than 12 months ago and no results posted to the registry","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180867","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02180867?tab=results","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},"context":[]}],"facts":[],"pending":[{"what":"Treated and evaluable counts, assessor, confirmed response, follow-up and data cutoff","source":"Readout extraction (ticket 32)"},{"what":"Primary endpoint changed between registry versions","source":"Registry versions in the store (ticket 32)"}]},{"n":3,"question":"What must it beat?","flags":[],"facts":[],"pending":[{"what":"Control-arm result and approved therapies for the same segment, with label links","source":"Drugs@FDA, FDA labels and readouts (tickets 30, 32)"}]},{"n":4,"question":"Too crowded, or too late?","flags":[],"facts":[{"label":"Stopped on this target","text":"728 terminated, withdrawn or suspended trials of drugs against TOP2A; 3 of the 200 most recent give no reason. Reasons are quoted as the registry gives them on the target page.","source":{"label":"TOP2A: what already stopped","url":"/target/ENSG00000131747#stopped","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.454Z"}}],"pending":[{"what":"Programs on the target by phase and months behind the leader","source":"Programs and Drugs@FDA (ticket 33)"}]},{"n":5,"question":"Can it be approved, and stay approved?","flags":[{"id":"single_country","label":"Single-country","value":"no","detail":"381 sites in 3 countries; 365 in the United States (96%)","rule":"All listed sites are in one country; the share of US sites is shown","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180867","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02180867?tab=locations","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"eu_pip","label":"EU paediatric investigation plan","value":"yes","detail":"EMEA-000601-PIP01-09-M06 (pazopanib, Treatment of Ewing sarcoma family of tumours;Treatment of non-rhabdomyosarcoma soft tissue sarcoma;Treatment of rhabdomyosarcoma): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 11 Sept 2019; compliance positive 24 Jul 2020; EMEA-002043-PIP01-16 (doxorubicin hydrochloride, Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 31 Jan 2017","rule":"An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name","source":{"label":"EMA data download (dated snapshot)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-paediatric_investigation_plans-output-json-report_en.json","date":"2026-11-11T09:12:26Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"eu_orphan","label":"EU orphan designation","value":"yes","detail":"EU/3/25/3056 positive 22 May 2025: Treatment of soft-tissue sarcoma; EU/3/22/2624 positive 21 Jun 2022: Treatment of soft tissue sarcoma; EU/3/10/833 positive 23 Feb 2011: Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma; EU/3/12/1006 withdrawn 28 Nov 2012: Treatment of glioma; +4 more","rule":"An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status","source":{"label":"EMA data download (dated snapshot)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-orphan_designations-json-report_en.json","date":"2026-11-11T09:12:26Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"eu_authorised","label":"Authorised in the EU","value":"yes","detail":"Zolsketil pegylated liposomal: authorised since 31 May 2022; Caelyx pegylated liposomal: authorised since 20 Jun 1996; Celdoxome pegylated liposomal: lapsed since 15 Sept 2022; Votrient: authorised since 14 Jun 2010; +4 more","rule":"An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file","source":{"label":"EMA data download (dated snapshot)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json","date":"2026-11-11T09:12:26Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"fda_orphan","label":"FDA orphan designation","value":"not published","detail":"FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the link","rule":"Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug","source":{"label":"FDA orphan designations search","url":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/","date":""},"context":[]},{"id":"fda_ped_approval","label":"FDA pediatric oncology approval","value":"yes","detail":"Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, 7 Aug 1974: MULTIPLE","rule":"FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug","source":{"label":"FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03)","url":"https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/oncology-center-excellence/pediatric-oncology-drug-approvals","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.481Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"studies_under_18","label":"Registered studies open to children","value":"yes","detail":"589 interventional studies of Doxorubicin Hydrochloride, Pazopanib, Pazopanib Hydrochloride include patients under 18; 113 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or active","rule":"The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov search","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22Doxorubicin+Hydrochloride%22+OR+%22Pazopanib%22+OR+%22Pazopanib+Hydrochloride%22&aggFilters=ages%3Achild%2CstudyType%3Aint","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.486Z"},"context":[]}],"facts":[{"label":"Caveat","text":"Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where the sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality."},{"label":"Rare pediatric disease voucher","text":"FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news.","source":{"label":"FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs","url":"https://www.fda.gov/industry/medical-products-rare-diseases-and-conditions/rare-pediatric-disease-designation-and-priority-review-voucher-programs","date":"2026-11-11"}}],"pending":[{"what":"Precedent approvals for target, modality and endpoint; accelerated-approval status","source":"Drugs@FDA and FDA accelerated-approval tables (ticket 30)"}]},{"n":6,"question":"Can the sponsor finish?","flags":[],"facts":[{"label":"Sponsor","text":"National Cancer Institute (NCI) (academic or other)","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180867","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02180867","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"}},{"label":"principal investigator","text":"Aaron R Weiss, Children's Oncology Group","source":{"label":"Person page","url":"/person/Aaron%20R%20Weiss?ind=osteosarcoma","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"}}],"pending":[{"what":"Filed cash, quarterly spend and the runway arithmetic","source":"SEC XBRL company facts (ticket 37)"},{"what":"Sponsor's completed vs stopped oncology trials and results-reporting record","source":"Registry, by company (ticket 37)"}]}],"limits":"Public records cannot show: sales forecasts; a probability of success for this asset; full deal terms and net prices; FDA designations and action dates before approval (shown only as company-reported); clinical holds unless the company disclosed them; manufacturing; patents on unapproved drugs; whether preclinical findings have been replicated.","sources":[{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02180867","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT02180867","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},{"label":"Open Targets Platform","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.434Z"},{"label":"FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01))","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/191157/download?attachment","date":"2026-11-11T07:05:03Z"}]},"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov + Open Targets","fetchedAt":"2026-11-11T18:03:25.428Z"}