{"ok":true,"data":{"subject":{"kind":"trial","nctId":"NCT04049266","title":"A Study to Evaluate the Efficacy and Safety of KSI-301, an Anti-VEGF Antibody Biopolymer Conjugate, Versus Aflibercept in Patients With Neovascular (Wet) Age-Related Macular Degeneration.","sponsor":"Kodiak Sciences Inc","phases":["PHASE2","PHASE3"],"status":"TERMINATED","indication":null,"disease":"wet macular degeneration"},"rows":[{"n":1,"question":"Is the biology right?","flags":[{"id":"somatic_driver","label":"Somatic driver evidence","value":"no","detail":"None of VEGFA, PGF has somatic-mutation evidence in wet macular degeneration","rule":"Open Targets has somatic-mutation evidence for the target in this cancer","source":{"label":"Open Targets: VEGFA in wet macular degeneration","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000112715/MONDO_0005417","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"human_genetic","label":"Human genetic evidence","value":"yes","detail":"VEGFA: germline","rule":"Any germline or somatic human genetic evidence for the target in this cancer, counted apart from animal-model and literature evidence","source":{"label":"Open Targets: VEGFA in wet macular degeneration","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000112715/MONDO_0005417","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},"context":[{"figure":"2.6× relative probability of success, phase 1 to launch, with human genetic support","dataset":"Minikel et al., Nature 2024","years":"drug programs to 2023","caveat":"All therapy areas, mostly germline evidence; not a probability for this program."}]},{"id":"pediatric_target","label":"Pediatric target","value":"no","detail":"Not on the FDA list","rule":"Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets); membership alone neither requires nor waives a study","source":{"label":"FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01))","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/191157/download?attachment","date":"2026-11-11T07:05:03Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"haematologic","label":"Haematologic cancer","value":"no","detail":"Solid tumour","rule":"From the indication, or the registry conditions when no indication matches","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049266","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04049266","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},"context":[{"figure":"Likelihood of approval from phase 1: 7.5% haematologic vs 4.6% solid","dataset":"BIO / Informa / QLS 2021","years":"2011–2020","caveat":"Population-level, not a prediction."}]}],"facts":[{"label":"VEGFA (via Aflibercept)","text":"Evidence types in wet macular degeneration: literature, genetic_association, clinical; literature listed separately from human genetics. Datasources: clinical_precedence, gwas_credible_sets, europepmc.","source":{"label":"Open Targets: VEGFA in wet macular degeneration","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000112715/MONDO_0005417","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"}},{"label":"PGF (via Aflibercept)","text":"Evidence types in wet macular degeneration: literature, clinical; literature listed separately from human genetics. Datasources: clinical_precedence, europepmc.","source":{"label":"Open Targets: PGF in wet macular degeneration","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org/evidence/ENSG00000119630/MONDO_0005417","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"}}],"pending":[{"what":"Normal-tissue expression in vital organs","source":"Human Protein Atlas (ticket 36)"},{"what":"Pan-essential in cell lines","source":"DepMap (ticket 36)"},{"what":"Approved drug on this target","source":"Drugs@FDA (ticket 30)"}]},{"n":2,"question":"Can the result be trusted?","flags":[{"id":"randomised","label":"Randomised","value":"yes","detail":"Randomised allocation","rule":"Registry allocation field","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049266","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04049266","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"small_denominator","label":"Small denominator","value":"no","detail":"559 enrolled; each patient moves a rate by 100 ÷ 559 = 0.2 points","rule":"Enrolment under 30; the arithmetic is shown, not a benchmark","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049266","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04049266","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"primary_os","label":"Primary endpoint is overall survival","value":"no","detail":"Change From Baseline in BCVA in the Study Eye Averaged Over Weeks 48 and 52, Full Analysis Set Year 1","rule":"A registered primary outcome measure names overall survival","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049266","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04049266","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},"context":[{"figure":"Non-OS primary endpoint: odds ratio 2.79 for a positive phase 3","dataset":"Otsuka 2021, 400 phase 3 oncology trials","years":"to 2020","caveat":"Shown with the next figure: a surrogate is easier to hit, and often a weak guide to survival."},{"figure":"52% of surrogate-to-OS correlations are low","dataset":"Prasad 2015","years":"published to 2014","caveat":"Shown with the figure above."}]},{"id":"results_overdue","label":"Results overdue","value":"no","detail":"Results posted 2024-07-18","rule":"Primary completion (actual) more than 12 months ago and no results posted to the registry","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049266","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04049266?tab=results","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},"context":[]}],"facts":[],"pending":[{"what":"Treated and evaluable counts, assessor, confirmed response, follow-up and data cutoff","source":"Readout extraction (ticket 32)"},{"what":"Primary endpoint changed between registry versions","source":"Registry versions in the store (ticket 32)"}]},{"n":3,"question":"What must it beat?","flags":[],"facts":[],"pending":[{"what":"Control-arm result and approved therapies for the same segment, with label links","source":"Drugs@FDA, FDA labels and readouts (tickets 30, 32)"}]},{"n":4,"question":"Too crowded, or too late?","flags":[],"facts":[{"label":"Stopped on this target","text":"137 terminated, withdrawn or suspended trials of drugs against VEGFA; 28 give no reason. Reasons are quoted as the registry gives them on the target page.","source":{"label":"VEGFA: what already stopped","url":"/target/ENSG00000112715#stopped","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.444Z"}}],"pending":[{"what":"Programs on the target by phase and months behind the leader","source":"Programs and Drugs@FDA (ticket 33)"}]},{"n":5,"question":"Can it be approved, and stay approved?","flags":[{"id":"single_country","label":"Single-country","value":"no","detail":"75 sites in 7 countries; 59 in the United States (79%)","rule":"All listed sites are in one country; the share of US sites is shown","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049266","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04049266?tab=locations","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"eu_pip","label":"EU paediatric investigation plan","value":"yes","detail":"EMEA-000236-PIP05-18 (aflibercept, Treatment of retinopathy of prematurity): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 4 Apr 2019; compliance positive 15 Oct 2021; EMEA-002895-PIP02-21 (immunoglobulin G4 [449-cysteine];anti-(human vascular endothelial growth factor A) (human-Mus musculus monoclonal OG1950 gamma-4-chain);disulfide with human-Mus musculus monoclonal OG1950 kappa-chain;(232 - 232’),(235 - 235’)-bis(disulfide) with immunoglobulin G4 anti-(human vascular endothelial growth factor A) (human-Mus musculus monoclonal OG1950 gamma-4-chain) disulfide with human-Mus musculus monoclonal OG1950 kappa-chain;449-thioether with 1,1’-[2-[11,11-bis[15-bromo-11,11-bis[(2-bromo-2-methyl- 1-oxopropoxy)methyl]-15-methyl-3,7,14-trioxo-9,13-dioxa-2,6-diazahexadec-1-yl]-44-(3-mercapto- 2,5-dioxo-1-pyrrolidinyl)-4,8,26,42-tetraoxo-2,13,16,19,22,29,32,35,38-nonaoxa-5,9,25,41- tetraazatetratetracont-1-yl]-2-[(2-bromo-2-methyl-1-oxopropoxy)methyl]-1,3-propanediyl] bis(2- bromo-2-methylpropanoate) core 9-arm star compd. with 4-hydroxy-N,N,N,10-tetramethyl-9-oxo- 3,5,8-trioxa-4-phosphaundec-10-en-1-aminium inner salt 4-oxide homopolymer (KSI-301), Treatment of choroidal neovascularisation;Treatment of diabetic retinopathy;Treatment of retinal vein occlusion): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 9 Jun 2021; EMEA-000236-PIP04-14 (aflibercept, Treatment of choroidal neovascularisation secondary to pathologic myopia;Treatment of branch retinal vein occlusion): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 27 Jun 2014; EMEA-000236-PIP03-11 (aflibercept, Treatment of central retinal vein occlusion): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 2 Aug 2011","rule":"An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name","source":{"label":"EMA data download (dated snapshot)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-paediatric_investigation_plans-output-json-report_en.json","date":"2026-11-11T09:12:26Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"eu_orphan","label":"EU orphan designation","value":"no","detail":"No EU orphan designation names KSI-301, Aflibercept","rule":"An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status","source":{"label":"EMA data download (dated snapshot)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-orphan_designations-json-report_en.json","date":"2026-11-11T09:12:26Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"eu_authorised","label":"Authorised in the EU","value":"yes","detail":"Eydenzelt: authorised since 12 Feb 2025; Ahzantive: authorised since 13 Jan 2025; Baiama: authorised since 13 Jan 2025; Afqlir: authorised since 13 Nov 2024; +11 more","rule":"An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file","source":{"label":"EMA data download (dated snapshot)","url":"https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/report/medicines-output-medicines_json-report_en.json","date":"2026-11-11T09:12:26Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"fda_orphan","label":"FDA orphan designation","value":"not published","detail":"FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the link","rule":"Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug","source":{"label":"FDA orphan designations search","url":"https://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/opdlisting/oopd/","date":""},"context":[]},{"id":"fda_ped_approval","label":"FDA pediatric oncology approval","value":"no","detail":"FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of KSI-301, Aflibercept","rule":"FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug","source":{"label":"FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03)","url":"https://www.fda.gov/about-fda/oncology-center-excellence/pediatric-oncology-drug-approvals","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.457Z"},"context":[]},{"id":"studies_under_18","label":"Registered studies open to children","value":"yes","detail":"24 interventional studies of KSI-301, Aflibercept include patients under 18; 3 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or active","rule":"The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov search","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/search?intr=%22KSI-301%22+OR+%22Aflibercept%22&aggFilters=ages%3Achild%2CstudyType%3Aint","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.463Z"},"context":[]}],"facts":[{"label":"Caveat","text":"Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where the sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality."},{"label":"Rare pediatric disease voucher","text":"FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news.","source":{"label":"FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs","url":"https://www.fda.gov/industry/medical-products-rare-diseases-and-conditions/rare-pediatric-disease-designation-and-priority-review-voucher-programs","date":"2026-11-11"}}],"pending":[{"what":"Precedent approvals for target, modality and endpoint; accelerated-approval status","source":"Drugs@FDA and FDA accelerated-approval tables (ticket 30)"}]},{"n":6,"question":"Can the sponsor finish?","flags":[],"facts":[{"label":"Sponsor","text":"Kodiak Sciences Inc (industry)","source":{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049266","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04049266","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"}},{"label":"study director","text":"Pablo Velazquez-Martin, MD, Kodiak Sciences Inc","source":{"label":"Person page","url":"/person/Pablo%20Velazquez-Martin%2C%20MD","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"}}],"pending":[{"what":"Filed cash, quarterly spend and the runway arithmetic","source":"SEC XBRL company facts (ticket 37)"},{"what":"Sponsor's completed vs stopped oncology trials and results-reporting record","source":"Registry, by company (ticket 37)"}]}],"limits":"Public records cannot show: sales forecasts; a probability of success for this asset; full deal terms and net prices; FDA designations and action dates before approval (shown only as company-reported); clinical holds unless the company disclosed them; manufacturing; patents on unapproved drugs; whether preclinical findings have been replicated.","sources":[{"label":"ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04049266","url":"https://clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04049266","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},{"label":"Open Targets Platform","url":"https://platform.opentargets.org","date":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.421Z"},{"label":"FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01))","url":"https://www.fda.gov/media/191157/download?attachment","date":"2026-11-11T07:05:03Z"}]},"source":"ClinicalTrials.gov + Open Targets","fetchedAt":"2026-11-11T18:03:09.419Z"}