Ipilimumab With or Without Sargramostim in Treating Patients With Stage III or Stage IV Melanoma That Cannot Be Removed by Surgery

1. Is the biology right?

• Somatic driver evidence: no · None of CTLA4, CSF2RA, CSF2RB has somatic-mutation evidence in melanoma

  Rule: Open Targets has somatic-mutation evidence for the target in this cancer. Source: Open Targets: CTLA4 in melanoma, 2026-11-11
• Human genetic evidence: no · No germline or somatic evidence for CTLA4, CSF2RA, CSF2RB in melanoma

  Rule: Any germline or somatic human genetic evidence for the target in this cancer, counted apart from animal-model and literature evidence. Source: Open Targets: CTLA4 in melanoma, 2026-11-11
• Pediatric target: yes · CTLA4 on the FDA list

  Rule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets); membership alone neither requires nor waives a study. Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
• Haematologic cancer: no · Solid tumour

  Rule: From the indication, or the registry conditions when no indication matches. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01134614, 2026-11-11

  Published context: Likelihood of approval from phase 1: 7.5% haematologic vs 4.6% solid (BIO / Informa / QLS 2021, 2011–2020). Population-level, not a prediction.

• CTLA4 (via Ipilimumab): Evidence types in melanoma: literature, clinical; literature listed separately from human genetics. Datasources: clinical_precedence, europepmc. · Open Targets: CTLA4 in melanoma
• CSF2RA (via Sargramostim): Evidence types in melanoma: clinical. Datasources: clinical_precedence. · Open Targets: CSF2RA in melanoma
• CSF2RB (via Sargramostim): Evidence types in melanoma: literature, clinical; literature listed separately from human genetics. Datasources: clinical_precedence, europepmc. · Open Targets: CSF2RB in melanoma

• Not loaded on this app yet: Normal-tissue expression in vital organs. Source: Human Protein Atlas (ticket 36).
• Not loaded on this app yet: Pan-essential in cell lines. Source: DepMap (ticket 36).
• Not loaded on this app yet: Approved drug on this target. Source: Drugs@FDA (ticket 30).

2. Can the result be trusted?

• Randomised: yes · Randomised allocation

  Rule: Registry allocation field. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01134614, 2026-11-11
• Small denominator: no · 245 enrolled; each patient moves a rate by 100 ÷ 245 = 0.4 points

  Rule: Enrolment under 30; the arithmetic is shown, not a benchmark. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01134614, 2026-11-11
• Primary endpoint is overall survival: yes · Overall Survival

  Rule: A registered primary outcome measure names overall survival. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01134614, 2026-11-11
• Results overdue: no · Results posted 2015-04-02

  Rule: Primary completion (actual) more than 12 months ago and no results posted to the registry. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01134614, 2026-11-11

• Not loaded on this app yet: Treated and evaluable counts, assessor, confirmed response, follow-up and data cutoff. Source: Readout extraction (ticket 32).
• Not loaded on this app yet: Primary endpoint changed between registry versions. Source: Registry versions in the store (ticket 32).

3. What must it beat?

• Not loaded on this app yet: Control-arm result and approved therapies for the same segment, with label links. Source: Drugs@FDA, FDA labels and readouts (tickets 30, 32).

4. Too crowded, or too late?

• Stopped on this target: 179 terminated, withdrawn or suspended trials of drugs against CTLA4; 8 give no reason. Reasons are quoted as the registry gives them on the target page. · CTLA4: what already stopped

• Not loaded on this app yet: Programs on the target by phase and months behind the leader. Source: Programs and Drugs@FDA (ticket 33).

5. Can it be approved, and stay approved?

• Single-country: yes · All 257 sites in United States

  Rule: All listed sites are in one country; the share of US sites is shown. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01134614, 2026-11-11
• EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMA/PE/0000232765 (sargramostim, Treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 14 Apr 2025; EMA/PE/0000232765 (sargramostim, Treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 14 Apr 2025; EMEA-003568-PIP01-23 (sargramostim, Treatment of acute radiation syndrome): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 27 Mar 2024; EMEA-000117-PIP02-10-M07 (Ipilimumab, Treatment of melanoma): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 12 Jan 2017; compliance positive 24 Feb 2017; +1 more

  Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
• EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/24/2928 positive 28 Jun 2024: Treatment of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

  Rule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA EU/3/24/2928, 2026-11-11
• Authorised in the EU: yes · Yervoy: authorised since 13 Jul 2011; Imreplys: authorised since 21 Aug 2025, exceptional circumstances

  Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
• FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the link

  Rule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
• FDA pediatric oncology approval: yes · Ipilimumab [Yervoy], 8 Apr 2025: In combination with nivolumab, for the treatment of adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older with unresectable or metastatic microsatellite instability high (MSI-H) or mismatch repair deficient (dMMR) colorectal cancer (CRC); Ipilimumab [Yervoy], 15 Feb 2023: As a single agent or in combination with nivolumab, for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic melanoma in adult and pediatric patients 12 years and older

  Rule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-11
• Registered studies open to children: yes · 227 interventional studies of Ipilimumab, Sargramostim include patients under 18; 48 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or active

  Rule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-11

• Caveat: Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where the sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality.
• Rare pediatric disease voucher: FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. · FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs

• Not loaded on this app yet: Precedent approvals for target, modality and endpoint; accelerated-approval status. Source: Drugs@FDA and FDA accelerated-approval tables (ticket 30).

6. Can the sponsor finish?

• Sponsor: National Cancer Institute (NCI) (academic or other) · ClinicalTrials.gov NCT01134614
• principal investigator: Frank S Hodi, ECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group · Person page

• Not loaded on this app yet: Filed cash, quarterly spend and the runway arithmetic. Source: SEC XBRL company facts (ticket 37).
• Not loaded on this app yet: Sponsor's completed vs stopped oncology trials and results-reporting record. Source: Registry, by company (ticket 37).

What public data cannot tell you

Public records cannot show: sales forecasts; a probability of success for this asset; full deal terms and net prices; FDA designations and action dates before approval (shown only as company-reported); clinical holds unless the company disclosed them; manufacturing; patents on unapproved drugs; whether preclinical findings have been replicated.