CSF2 colony stimulating factor 2
ENSG00000164400 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Cytokine that stimulates the growth and differentiation of hematopoietic precursor cells from various lineages, including granulocytes, macrophages, eosinophils and erythrocytes. .
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Antibody
- Advanced Clinical, UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- Other modalities
- Advanced Clinical
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.14800000190734863 (upper bound 0.46588000655174255). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 16 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against CSF2 (otilimab, pexastimogene devacirepvec, plonmarlimab, lenzilumab, namilumab, gimsilumab), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- David H KirnJennerex Biotherapeutics · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Derek JonkerOttawa Hospital and Research Institute · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- James BurkeJennerex Biotherapeutics · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Rebecca C AuerOHRI · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Young Suk ParkSamsung Medical Center · 0 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of otilimab, pexastimogene devacirepvec, plonmarlimab, lenzilumab, namilumab, gimsilumab updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 8 of 16 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
10 trials of drugs against CSF2 were stopped early
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of otilimab, pexastimogene devacirepvec, plonmarlimab, lenzilumab, namilumab, gimsilumab, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 10 most recent of 10.
- terminated · 2026-10-02 · Jennerex Biotherapeutics · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Business decision by the sponsor”
- terminated · 2025-09-12 · Kinevant Sciences GmbH · Namilumab“Sponsor Decision”
- terminated · 2025-04-17 · Kinevant Sciences GmbH · Namilumab“Sponsor business decision not related to safety”
- terminated · 2024-03-04 · Kite, A Gilead Company · Lenzilumab“Development program terminated and the decision was not due to any safety concerns.”
- terminated · 2024-02-07 · GlaxoSmithKline · Otilimab (GSK3196165)“Study is early terminated due to Limited efficacy demonstrated in the contRAst program does not support a suitable benefit/risk profile for otilimab as a potential treatment for RA. GSK has decided not to progress with regulatory submissions.”
- terminated · 2023-11-30 · GlaxoSmithKline · GSK3196165 (Otilimab)“Only Asia cohort is early terminated.Limited efficacy demonstrated in the contRAst program does not support a suitable benefit/risk profile for otilimab as a potential treatment for RA. GSK has decided not to progress with regulatory submissions.”
- withdrawn · 2023-01-26 · GlaxoSmithKline · Otilimab“This study was cancelled because of the limited efficacy demonstrated in the ContRAst phase III programme as a potential treatment for rheumatoid arthritis. GSK has decided not to progress with regulatory submissions”
- terminated · 2021-11-19 · Transgene · Pexastimogene Devacirepvec (Pexa Vec)“The decision was taken to stop prematurely the trial due to the failure of Pexa-Vec and nivolumab in their respective pivotal trials (i.e., PHOCUS and CheckMate 459).”
- terminated · 2019-02-05 · Takeda · Namilumab“Strategic decision - to understand data from psoriasis study - NCT02129777 and wait for results of formal proof of concept study - NCT02379091.”
- terminated · 2014-06-09 · Humanigen, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Program refocus”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for CSF2's drugs
For otilimab, pexastimogene devacirepvec, plonmarlimab, lenzilumab, namilumab, gimsilumab: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: yes · CSF2 is on the list. Membership alone neither requires nor waives a pediatric study.Rule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-003275-PIP01-22 (namilumab, Treatment of sarcoidosis): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 1 Dec 2023; EMEA-002124-PIP01-17 (pexastimogene devacirepvec, Treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 14 Jul 2017Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: no · No EU orphan designation names otilimab, pexastimogene devacirepvec, plonmarlimab, lenzilumab, namilumab, gimsilumabRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: no · EMA lists no centrally authorised medicine of otilimab, pexastimogene devacirepvec, plonmarlimab, lenzilumab, namilumab, gimsilumabRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of otilimab, pexastimogene devacirepvec, plonmarlimab, lenzilumab, namilumab, gimsilumabRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-11
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 3 interventional studies of otilimab, pexastimogene devacirepvec, plonmarlimab, lenzilumab, namilumab, gimsilumab include patients under 18; 1 is recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-11
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 6 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.