CD4 CD4 molecule
ENSG00000010610 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Integral membrane glycoprotein that plays an essential role in the immune response and serves multiple functions in responses against both external and internal offenses. In T-cells, functions primarily as a coreceptor for MHC class II molecule:peptide complex. The antigens presented by class II peptides are derived from extracellular proteins while class I peptides are derived from cytosolic proteins. Interacts simultaneously with the T-cell receptor (TCR) and the MHC class II presented by antigen presenting cells (APCs). In turn, recruits the Src kinase LCK to the vicinity of the TCR-CD3 complex. LCK then initiates different intracellular signaling pathways by phosphorylating various substrates ultimately leading to lymphokine production, motility, adhesion and activation of T-helper cells. In other cells such as macrophages or NK cells, plays a role in differentiation/activation, cytokine expression and cell migration in a TCR/LCK-independent pathway. Participates in the development of T- helper cells in the thymus and triggers the differentiation of monocytes into functional mature macrophages. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12517957, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16951326, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24942581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2823150, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7604010}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Structure with Ligand
- Antibody
- Approved Drug, UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM, Human Protein Atlas loc
- PROTAC
- Database Ubiquitination, Half-life Data, Small Molecule Binder
- Other modalities
- Advanced Clinical
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.49487000703811646 (upper bound 0.6911600232124329). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 2 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against CD4 (semzuvolimab, zanolimumab, clenoliximab, tregalizumab), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Abhay PatkiGenmab · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
8 trials of drugs against CD4 were stopped early; 1 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of semzuvolimab, zanolimumab, clenoliximab, tregalizumab, VRC-01LS, TRX-1, priliximab, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 8 most recent of 8.
- terminated · 2026-10-07 · Emergent BioSolutions · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Portfolio consolidation.”
- terminated · 2025-06-18 · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Other - Study agent no longer available”
- terminated · 2023-04-28 · Genmab · matched by the registry's drug synonymsNo reason given
- terminated · 2018-05-16 · Cascadian Therapeutics Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Investigator decision”
- terminated · 2017-08-24 · Biotest · Tregalizumab“Lack of efficacy”
- terminated · 2015-12-22 · Novartis Pharmaceuticals · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Despite considerable efforts to boost recruitment during the final year of the study, no new patients were enrolled.”
- terminated · 2015-10-28 · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · Zanolimumab“The study was terminated because we were not able to obtain the study drug.”
- terminated · 2012-07-26 · Emergent Product Development Seattle LLC · HuMax-CD4 (zanolimumab)“New sponsor, other treatments available”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for CD4's drugs
For semzuvolimab, zanolimumab, clenoliximab, tregalizumab, VRC-01LS, TRX-1, priliximab: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · CD4 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: no · No EMA paediatric investigation plan decision names semzuvolimab, zanolimumab, clenoliximab, tregalizumab, vrc-01ls, trx-1, priliximabRule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/07/438 positive 20 Mar 2007: Treatment of peripheral T-cell lymphoma (nodal, other extranodal and leukaemic/disseminated)Rule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA EU/3/07/438, 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: no · EMA lists no centrally authorised medicine of semzuvolimab, zanolimumab, clenoliximab, tregalizumab, vrc-01ls, trx-1, priliximabRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of semzuvolimab, zanolimumab, clenoliximab, tregalizumab, vrc-01ls, trx-1, priliximabRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 10 interventional studies of semzuvolimab, zanolimumab, clenoliximab, tregalizumab, vrc-01ls, trx-1, priliximab include patients under 18; 3 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 8 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.