GNRHR gonadotropin releasing hormone receptor
ENSG00000109163 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Receptor for gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) that mediates the action of GnRH to stimulate the secretion of the gonadotropic hormones luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH). This receptor mediates its action by association with G- proteins that activate a phosphatidylinositol-calcium second messenger system. Isoform 2 may act as an inhibitor of GnRH-R signaling.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, Druggable Family
- Antibody
- GO CC high conf, UniProt loc med conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- PROTAC
- Small Molecule Binder
- Other modalities
- Approved Drug
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.49838000535964966 (upper bound 0.7791299819946289). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 400 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against GNRHR (linzagolix choline, histrelin, triptorelin pamoate, elagolix, goserelin, nafarelin, abarelix, leuprolide, degarelix, gonadorelin, relugolix, buserelin), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Jingsong ZhangMoffitt Cancer Center · 3 of 4 trials Phase 2+
- Tamim NiaziJewish General Hospital · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Michael ZelefskyNYU Langone Health · 2 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Nanette SantoroUniversity of Colorado, Denver · 2 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Abhishek SolankiEdward Hines Jr. VA Hospital, Hines, IL · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Amar KishanUCLA / Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Bertrand TombalCliniques Universitaires de Saint Luc · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Brian ChapinM.D. Anderson Cancer Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Christopher SweeneyDana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard Medical School · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Elisabetta MunzoneEuropean Institute of Oncology · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Emily JungheimNorthwestern University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Fabrice ANDREGustave Roussy, Cancer Campus, Grand Paris · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+Ph2NCT05625087 · Detection of Tumor DNA in the Blood of Patients Receiving Standard Therapy for Hormone Receptor-positive (HR+) Non-HER2 Expressing (HER2-) Metastatic Breast Cancer as a Tool to Select Those Who May Benefit From the Next Course of Fulvestrant in Combination With Alpelisib or Ribociclibbrief
- Gilles FREYERHospices Civils de Lyon · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Heping ZhangYale University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Hugh TaylorYale University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of linzagolix choline, histrelin, triptorelin pamoate, elagolix, goserelin, nafarelin, abarelix, leuprolide, degarelix, gonadorelin, relugolix, buserelin updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 304 of 386 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 14 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
172 trials of drugs against GNRHR were stopped early; 22 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of linzagolix choline, histrelin, triptorelin pamoate, elagolix, goserelin, nafarelin, abarelix, leuprolide, degarelix, gonadorelin, relugolix, buserelin, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 172.
- terminated · 2026-10-28 · Institut National de la Santé Et de la Recherche Médicale, France · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“This decision is based on the stop-rule established in Amendment N°.2 to the protocol, which called for halting the study if the number of participants enrolled was less than 12 by March 31, 2009 : 6 out of 48 participants were enrolled”
- terminated · 2026-10-15 · Spanish Breast Cancer Research Group · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Study prematurely terminated due to recruitment challenges, low incidence of the target population, evolving treatment landscape, ethical considerations, and inability to ensure funding through study completion.”
- terminated · 2026-10-15 · Praful Ravi, MB BCHir, MRCP · GNRH-A Leuprolide Acetate, GNRH-A Goserelin, Degarelix“The trial was intended to be Phase 1/2 but did not move forward to Phase 2 since the company providing drug and funding (Lilly) withdrew support for the trial based on data relating to abemaciclib in advanced prostate cancer.”
- terminated · 2026-10-14 · UNICANCER · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“poor accrual”
- withdrawn · 2026-10-01 · British Columbia Cancer Agency · Degarelix“Site did not proceed with this study”
- terminated · 2026-09-28 · Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study stopped due to futility”
- terminated · 2026-09-02 · University of Colorado, Denver · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Study completed”
- terminated · 2026-06-26 · National Cancer Institute (NCI) · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Slow/insufficient accrual”
- terminated · 2026-06-26 · Eli Lilly and Company · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study was terminated early as related study I3Y-MC-JPCM (NCT03706365) did not meet its primary endpoint.”
- terminated · 2026-06-25 · SOLTI Breast Cancer Research Group · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study was prematurely halted because enrollment was significantly delayed compared with the original projections due to the evolving therapeutic landscape.”
- withdrawn · 2026-06-05 · University of Chicago · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Data not collected and analyzed; withdrawn due to lack of bandwidth.”
- terminated · 2026-05-14 · EQRx, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study is being closed based on corporate changes at EQRx and is not related to any efficacy or safety issues with lerociclib.”
- terminated · 2026-04-03 · Jiangsu HengRui Medicine Co., Ltd. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Due to the adjustment of the sponsor's development plan, after discussion with leading PI, sponsor has decided to terminate this study.”
- terminated · 2026-04-03 · Amy DiVasta, MD · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Funding was terminated.”
- terminated · 2026-04-02 · Brown University · Degarelix“Principal Investigator left institution”
- terminated · 2026-03-30 · Ferring Pharmaceuticals · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“This is a company decision made not related to safety concerns. Rather, it reflects a broader portfolio assessment and the desire to focus on programs that can bring timely and meaningful benefit to patients.”
- terminated · 2026-03-30 · Ferring Pharmaceuticals · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“This is a company decision made not related to safety concerns. Rather, it reflects a broader portfolio assessment and the desire to focus on programs that can bring timely and meaningful benefit to patients.”
- terminated · 2026-03-06 · Stephanie B. Seminara, MD · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study team no longer has access to GnRH. The study has been altered to account for this change and is no longer a clinical trial.”
- terminated · 2026-01-29 · Loyola University · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study was stopped for feasibility”
- withdrawn · 2025-11-14 · Ferring Pharmaceuticals · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The decision to terminate development activities was based on business needs and unrelated to any safety or efficacy concerns.”
- terminated · 2025-11-14 · Pfizer · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Per business decision, but not due to safety concerns or regulatory request.”
- withdrawn · 2025-10-22 · Northwestern University · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“PI left institution”
- withdrawn · 2025-09-23 · OHSU Knight Cancer Institute · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Loss of funding”
- terminated · 2025-09-11 · Sanofi · Goserelin“The study was terminated based on the review by an independent data monitoring committee of the prespecified interim analysis of the Phase 3 AMEERA-5 efficacy data. No new safety signals were observed.”
- withdrawn · 2025-08-28 · Endeavor Health · Relugolix (40 mg) /estradiol (1 mg)/norethisterone acetate (0.5 mg) oral tablet“Could not obtain approval for the planned study with available funding”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for GNRHR's drugs
For linzagolix choline, histrelin, triptorelin pamoate, elagolix, goserelin, nafarelin, abarelix, leuprolide, degarelix, gonadorelin, relugolix, buserelin: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · GNRHR is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-002428-PIP02-18 (relugolix;estradiol;norethisterone acetate, Treatment of endometriosis): RP: decision refers to a refusal on a proposed Paediatric Investigation Plan, 16 Aug 2019; EMEA-002428-PIP01-18 (relugolix;estradiol;norethisterone acetate, Treatment of leiomyoma of uterus): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 22 Mar 2019; EMEA-001323-PIP02-12 (Elagolix, Treatment of endometriosis): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 18 Dec 2012; EMEA-001323-PIP01-12 (Elagolix, Treatment of uterine leiomyoma): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 18 Dec 2012Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/10/771 withdrawn 20 Sept 2010: Treatment of low-flow priapismRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA EU/3/10/771, 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Degarelix Accord: authorised since 29 Sept 2023; Firmagon: authorised since 17 Feb 2009; Orgovyx: authorised since 29 Apr 2022; Ryeqo: authorised since 16 Jul 2021; +1 moreRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of linzagolix choline, histrelin, triptorelin pamoate, elagolix, goserelin, nafarelin, abarelix, leuprolide, degarelix, gonadorelin, relugolix, buserelinRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 143 interventional studies of linzagolix choline, histrelin, triptorelin pamoate, elagolix, goserelin, nafarelin, abarelix, leuprolide, degarelix, gonadorelin, relugolix, buserelin include patients under 18; 15 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 32 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.