CD86 CD86 molecule
ENSG00000114013 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Costimulatory molecule that belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily that plays an important role in T-lymphocyte activation (PubMed:12196291, PubMed:7694363). Acts as the primary auxiliary signal augmenting the MHC/TCR signal in naive T-cells by acting as a ligand for the CD28 receptor which is constitutively expressed on the cell surface of T-cells (PubMed:12196291, PubMed:7694363). May play a critical role in the early events of T-cell activation and costimulation of naive T-cells, such as deciding between immunity and anergy that is made by T-cells within 24 hours after activation (PubMed:7527824). Also involved in the regulation of B cells function, plays a role in regulating the level of IgG(1) produced. Upon CD40 engagement, activates NF-kappa-B signaling pathway via phospholipase C and protein kinase C activation (By similarity). Also acts as an inhibitor of T-cell activation by acting as a ligand for CTLA4, a decoy receptor, thereby blocking CD28-mediated T-cell priming (PubMed:11279501). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P42082, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11279501, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12196291, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7527824, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7694363}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Antibody
- GO CC high conf, UniProt loc med conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM, Human Protein Atlas loc
- PROTAC
- UniProt Ubiquitination
- Other modalities
- Approved Drug
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.3429499864578247 (upper bound 0.5676599740982056). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 104 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against CD86 (belatacept, abatacept), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Kenneth NewellEmory University · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Carol A LangfordThe Cleveland Clinic · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Christian P. LarsenEmory University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Jeffrey P KrischerUniversity of South Florida · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Peter A MerkelUniversity of Pennsylvania · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Shalini ShenoyWashington University School of Medicine (in St. Louis) · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- David WojciechowskiUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Idelberto R BadellEmory University · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- A. Samer Al-HomsiNorthwell Health · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Akshay SharmaSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Alfons A Den BroerderSint Maartenskliniek · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Annette M. JacksonDuke Department of Surgery, Duke University School of Medicine · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Carla J GreenbaumType 1 Diabetes TrialNet · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Cavan ReillyUniversity of Minnesota · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Christina BarkauskasDuke University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of belatacept, abatacept updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 84 of 102 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 2 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
39 trials of drugs against CD86 were stopped early; 3 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of belatacept, abatacept, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 39.
- terminated · 2026-09-24 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · Belatacept“Slow accrual within enrollment time period: projected accrual goal not achieved.”
- terminated · 2026-09-24 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · Belatacept“Secondary to safety concerns plus change in Campath® (alemtuzumab) availability.”
- terminated · 2026-09-24 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · belatacept“Safety: Stopping rule not met.”
- suspended · 2026-09-10 · Leland Metheny · Abatacept“insufficient funding”
- withdrawn · 2026-01-12 · University of Utah · Abatacept 10 mg/kg“COVID initially delayed plans to begin recruitment of subjects. Subsequently, the departure of a clinical investigator and loss of access to equipment and study subject population resulted in study termination before any subjects were enrolled.”
- terminated · 2025-12-10 · University Hospital, Grenoble · Each patient will undergo in the first step of the study belatacept treatment and in the second apheresis and daratumumab“limited clinically significant reduction on global cPRA levels (access to transplantation was unchanged), as well as restrictions in belatacept supply.”
- terminated · 2025-03-30 · University of Leeds · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The CI terminated ARCADIA early due to a number of reasons. These include the difficulty in recruiting and being placed on pause during the COVID pandemic, plus limited staffing at that time \& the need to considerably amend the eCRF MACRO system”
- terminated · 2025-03-04 · Roswell Park Cancer Institute · Abatacept“funding ended”
- withdrawn · 2023-12-04 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · abatacept“No enrollment”
- terminated · 2023-05-08 · Columbia University · Abatacept“Lack of funding”
- withdrawn · 2022-12-06 · University of California, San Francisco · Belatacept“Because of inability to get FDA approval for”
- terminated · 2022-10-07 · Bristol-Myers Squibb · Abatacept“Slow accrual”
- terminated · 2021-11-29 · Stuart Knechtle, M.D. · Orencia® (Abatacept)“Lack of eligible study participants.”
- terminated · 2021-09-23 · Ohio State University · Belatacept“Drug unavailability due to a manufacturing transition.”
- terminated · 2021-05-13 · University of California, Los Angeles · abatacept also known as Orencia also known as CTLA4-Ig“Response rate in placebo group for primary outcome was 100% on interim analysis.”
- terminated · 2021-02-26 · Bristol-Myers Squibb · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Inability to meet protocol objectives.”
- terminated · 2020-12-01 · Medical University of Graz · bDMARD withdrawal (etanercept, adalimumab, infliximab, certolizumab, golimumab, tozilizumab, abatacept)“low recruitment”
- withdrawn · 2020-11-16 · University of California, Los Angeles · Abatacept“The study team did not enroll any patients due to difficulty with recruitment.”
- terminated · 2020-10-01 · Dr. Larry W. Moreland · Abatacept“Low enrollment”
- withdrawn · 2020-07-20 · Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · Abatacept“Funding”
- terminated · 2020-03-23 · University of Chicago · Abatacept“Funding has been pulled”
- terminated · 2019-11-22 · Johns Hopkins University · Abatacept Injection“Mutual decision of sponsor and investigator due to logistical challenges”
- withdrawn · 2019-05-02 · Duke University · Belatacept“Not activated at Duke”
- withdrawn · 2018-12-17 · University of Wisconsin, Madison · Belatacept“Organ transplant criteria made recruitment difficult. Closed with IRB 10/09/2015.”
- withdrawn · 2017-07-12 · Bristol-Myers Squibb · Abatacept“Business objectives have changed”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for CD86's drugs
For belatacept, abatacept: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · CD86 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-000157-PIP01-07-M06 (belatacept, Prevention of rejection of transplanted kidney): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 27 Sept 2024; EMEA-000118-PIP04-17 (abatacept, condition not given): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 22 Jun 2018; EMEA-000118-PIP02-10-M03 (abatacept, Treatment of chronic idiopathic arthritis (including rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, psoriatic arthritis and juvenile idiopathic arthritis)): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 15 Mar 2018; compliance positive 23 Mar 2018; EMEA-000118-PIP03-15 (abatacept, Treatment of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 16 Jan 2017; +1 moreRule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: no · No EU orphan designation names belatacept, abataceptRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Orencia: authorised since 21 May 2007; Nulojix: authorised since 17 Jun 2011Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of belatacept, abataceptRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 47 interventional studies of belatacept, abatacept include patients under 18; 18 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 2 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.
| Drug | Type | Highest stage | Indications | Source records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BELATACEPT | Protein | phase 4 | kidney transplant, immune system disorder, heart transplant rejection, chronic kidney disease, Hypoglycemia, Hyperglycemia, type 1 diabetes mellitus, Proteinuria, +9 more | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| ABATACEPT | Protein | phase 4 | rheumatoid arthritis, juvenile idiopathic arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, immune system disorder, Crohn disease, ulcerative colitis, lupus nephritis, Fatigue, +58 more | Open Targets · ChEMBL |