OncoSignal
Live from Open Targets Platform, fetched 2026-11-12 04:47 UTC. Every row links to its source record.

IL1A interleukin 1 alpha

ENSG00000115008 · protein coding · Open Targets profile

Cytokine constitutively present intracellularly in nearly all resting non-hematopoietic cells that plays an important role in inflammation and bridges the innate and adaptive immune systems (PubMed:26439902). After binding to its receptor IL1R1 together with its accessory protein IL1RAP, forms the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex (PubMed:17507369, PubMed:2950091). Signaling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as MYD88, IRAK1 or IRAK4 (PubMed:17507369). In turn, mediates the activation of NF-kappa-B and the three MAPK pathways p38, p42/p44 and JNK pathways (PubMed:14687581). Within the cell, acts as an alarmin and cell death results in its liberation in the extracellular space after disruption of the cell membrane to induce inflammation and alert the host to injury or damage (PubMed:15679580). In addition to its role as a danger signal, which occurs when the cytokine is passively released by cell necrosis, directly senses DNA damage and acts as a signal for genotoxic stress without loss of cell integrity (PubMed:26439902). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:14687581, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15679580, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17507369, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26439902, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2950091, ECO:0000269|PubMed:3258335}.

1 of the 2 drugs recorded against IL1A is approved, and 1 more reached Phase 3

Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.

1 antibody drug at Approved: BERMEKIMAB1 antibody drug at Phase 3: LUTIKIZUMABAntibody 2Approved 1Phase 3 1

Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

IL1A: inherited and tumour-mutation evidence across 15 cancers

Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.

Inherited (germline) variantsMutations in tumours (somatic)
00.250.50.751colorectal cancercolorectal cancercolorectal carcinomacolorectal carcinomahead and neck squamous cell carcinomahead and neck squamous cell carcinomabreast cancerbreast cancerhepatocellular carcinomahepatocellular carcinomapancreatic ductal adenocarcinomapancreatic ductal adenocarcinomatriple-negative breast carcinomatriple-negative breast carcinomaoral cavity squamous cell carcinomaoral cavity squamous cell carcinomamelanomamelanomabreast carcinomabreast carcinomapancreatic neoplasmpancreatic neoplasmfamilial pancreatic carcinomafamilial pancreatic carcinomaglioblastomaglioblastomacervical carcinomacervical carcinomacervical cancercervical cancer

Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

Tractability

Antibody
Advanced Clinical, UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf

gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.7206400036811829 (upper bound 1.094499945640564). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.

Who runs trials of these drugs

Principal investigators and study chairs on 16 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against IL1A (bermekimab, lutikizumab), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.

7 of 15 trials of drugs against IL1A have sites only in United States

Registry trials of bermekimab, lutikizumab updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 7 of 15 have all sites in one country.

Sites only in this groupSites here and elsewhere
United StatesUnited States: 7 trials with sites only hereUnited States: 8 trials with sites here and elsewhere15EuropeEurope: 0 trials with sites only hereEurope: 8 trials with sites here and elsewhere8JapanJapan: 0 trials with sites only hereJapan: 5 trials with sites here and elsewhere5OtherOther: 0 trials with sites only hereOther: 8 trials with sites here and elsewhere8

Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 1 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.

5 trials of drugs against IL1A were stopped early

Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of bermekimab, lutikizumab, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 5 most recent of 5.

  • withdrawn · 2025-02-03 · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “The development of bermekimab in Immunology is stopped”
  • terminated · 2023-11-13 · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Bermekimab
    “Study has been prematurely terminated as the Interim Analysis 1 efficacy results met the prespecified futility criteria related to the primary endpoint.”
  • terminated · 2023-05-24 · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Bermekimab
    “Premature study termination (efficacy)”
  • terminated · 2023-03-01 · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · Bermekimab
    “Premature Termination due to Interim Analysis (100 patients at Week 16) meeting futility.”
  • terminated · 2021-06-29 · Janssen Research & Development, LLC · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “The study crossed the prospective futility boundary of primary endpoint”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for IL1A's drugs

For bermekimab, lutikizumab: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.

Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs

All 2 drugs and clinical candidates as a table

Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.

DrugTypeHighest stageIndicationsSource records
BERMEKIMABAntibodyapprovalneoplasm, colorectal cancer, Orthomyxoviridae infectious disease, colorectal carcinoma, type 2 diabetes mellitus, acne, atopic eczema, hidradenitis suppurativa, +11 moreOpen Targets · ChEMBL
LUTIKIZUMABAntibodyphase 3hidradenitis suppurativa, osteoarthritis, synovitis, ulcerative colitis, atopic eczema, Crohn disease, psoriatic arthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, +1 moreOpen Targets · ChEMBL