OncoSignal
Live from Open Targets Platform, fetched 2026-11-12 05:48 UTC. Every row links to its source record.

C3 complement C3

ENSG00000125730 · protein coding · Open Targets profile

Precursor of non-enzymatic components of the classical, alternative, lectin and GZMK complement pathways, which consist in a cascade of proteins that leads to phagocytosis and breakdown of pathogens and signaling that strengthens the adaptive immune system. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12878586, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18204047, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28264884, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31507604, ECO:0000269|PubMed:39814882, ECO:0000269|PubMed:39914456, ECO:0000269|PubMed:624565, ECO:0000269|PubMed:6554279}.

1 of the 3 drugs recorded against C3 is approved

Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.

1 protein drug at Approved: PEGCETACOPLAN1 protein drug at Phase 2: AMY-1011 unknown drug at Phase 2: AL-78898AProtein 2Unknown 1Approved 1Phase 2 2

Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

C3: inherited and tumour-mutation evidence across 15 cancers

Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.

Inherited (germline) variantsMutations in tumours (somatic)
00.250.50.751hepatocellular carcinomahepatocellular carcinomaovarian cancerovarian cancerlobular neoplasialobular neoplasiamelanomamelanomagastric cancergastric cancerglioblastomaglioblastomaovarian carcinomaovarian carcinomapancreatic neoplasmpancreatic neoplasmfamilial pancreatic carcinomafamilial pancreatic carcinomaliver dysplastic noduleliver dysplastic nodulenon-small cell lung carcinomanon-small cell lung carcinomaacute myeloid leukemiaacute myeloid leukemiafallopian tube cancerfallopian tube cancerprimary peritoneal carcinomaprimary peritoneal carcinomapancreatic ductal adenocarcinomapancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

Tractability

Small molecule
Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Pocket
Antibody
UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
PROTAC
Database Ubiquitination, Half-life Data, Small Molecule Binder
Other modalities
Approved Drug

gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.46665000915527344 (upper bound 0.5524399876594543). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.

Who runs trials of these drugs

Principal investigators and study chairs on 20 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against C3 (pegcetacoplan, AL-78898A, AMY-101), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.

6 of 19 trials of drugs against C3 have sites only in United States

Registry trials of pegcetacoplan, AL-78898A, AMY-101 updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 7 of 19 have all sites in one country.

Sites only in this groupSites here and elsewhere
United StatesUnited States: 6 trials with sites only hereUnited States: 10 trials with sites here and elsewhere16EuropeEurope: 0 trials with sites only hereEurope: 12 trials with sites here and elsewhere12JapanJapan: 0 trials with sites only hereJapan: 5 trials with sites here and elsewhere5OtherOther: 1 trials with sites only hereOther: 10 trials with sites here and elsewhere11

Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 1 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.

5 trials of drugs against C3 were stopped early

Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of pegcetacoplan, AL-78898A, AMY-101, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 5 most recent of 5.

  • terminated · 2026-11-04 · Hoffmann-La Roche · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “The study was terminated prematurely by the Sponsor due to observation of dose-limiting adverse events meeting the protocol-defined stopping criteria.”
  • withdrawn · 2026-09-02 · Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Pegcetacoplan
    “The study was terminated following portfolio reprioritization and reallocation of resources to other development programs. The decision was not driven by safety or efficacy concerns arising from this trial.”
  • terminated · 2025-04-24 · Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Pegcetacoplan (APL-2)
    “The study did not meet primary endpoint at Week 52. The study also did not meet key secondary efficacy endpoints. Pegcetacoplan (APL-2) was well tolerated in the study, and the data were consistent with the established safety profile.”
  • terminated · 2020-09-16 · Apellis Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · Pegcetacoplan
    “Apellis concluded that sufficient data were collected to meet the study objectives.”
  • terminated · 2014-01-20 · Alcon Research · Al-78898A
    “Management Decision”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for C3's drugs

For pegcetacoplan, AL-78898A, AMY-101: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.

  • EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMA/PE/0000224283 (pegcetacoplan, Treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 3 Jan 2025; EMEA-002600-PIP03-21-M03 (pegcetacoplan, Treatment of glomerulonephritis and nephrotic syndrome): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 24 Sept 2024; EMEA-002600-PIP04-22 (pegcetacoplan, Treatment of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 9 Sept 2022
    Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/22/2716 positive 11 Nov 2022: Treatment of C3 glomerulopathy with or without immune complexes; EU/3/17/1873 positive 22 May 2017: Treatment of paroxysmal nocturnal haemoglobinuria
    Rule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • Authorised in the EU: yes · Aspaveli: authorised since 13 Dec 2021, orphan medicine; Syfovre: refused
    Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the link
    Rule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
  • FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of pegcetacoplan, al-78898a, amy-101
    Rule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
  • Registered studies open to children: yes · 6 interventional studies of pegcetacoplan, al-78898a, amy-101 include patients under 18; 5 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or active
    Rule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12

Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs

All 3 drugs and clinical candidates as a table

Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.

DrugTypeHighest stageIndicationsSource records
PEGCETACOPLANProteinapprovalparoxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, complement 3 glomerulopathy, eye disorder, age-related macular degeneration, atrophic macular degeneration, cold agglutinin disease, focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, autoimmune hemolytic anemia, +12 moreOpen Targets · ChEMBL
AL-78898AUnknownphase 2macular degeneration, age-related macular degeneration, atrophic macular degeneration, choroidal neovascularizationOpen Targets · ChEMBL
AMY-101Proteinphase 2gingivitis, acute respiratory distress syndromeOpen Targets · ChEMBL