DDC dopa decarboxylase
ENSG00000132437 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine and L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin. .
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Pocket, Druggable Family
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.7161300182342529 (upper bound 0.9234600067138672). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 13 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against DDC (eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Christine BREFEL-COURBONUniversity Hospital, Toulouse · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Claire THALAMASUniversity Hospital, Toulouse · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- FABRIZIO STOCCHIIRCCS San Raffaele · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Hanny D Al-SamkariMassachusetts General Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Kevin KuoUniversity Health Network, Toronto General Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- osman korucuAnkara Ataturk Sanatorium Training and Research Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Sujit ShethWeill Medical College of Cornell University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Susan PerrinePhoenicia BioScience · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Sylvia SingerUCSF Benioff Children's Hospital at Oakland · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Arno VillringerMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences · 0 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Bernhard SehmMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences · 0 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- FILIPE GALVAOCentre Hospitalier le Vinatier · 0 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Khosrov A. GrigoryanMax Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences · 0 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Nils B KroemerDepartment of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, university of Tübingen · 0 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 8 of 13 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
No terminated, withdrawn or suspended trials of DDC's drugs are registered
Paediatric incentives and obligations for DDC's drugs
For eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · DDC is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-002435-PIP01-18-M03 (Eladocagene exuparvovec, Treatment of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 10 Mar 2023; compliance positive 26 May 2023Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA EMEA-002435-PIP01-18-M03, 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/16/1786 positive 18 Nov 2016: Treatment of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency; EU/3/18/2125 positive 11 Jan 2019: The treatment of sickle cell disease; EU/3/14/1402 positive 16 Dec 2014: Treatment of beta thalassaemia intermedia and majorRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Upstaza: authorised since 18 Jul 2022, orphan medicine, exceptional circumstancesRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA EPAR Upstaza, 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazideRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-11
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 2 interventional studies of eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide include patients under 18; 1 is recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-11
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 4 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.
| Drug | Type | Highest stage | Indications | Source records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ELADOCAGENE EXUPARVOVEC | Gene | approval | inborn disorder of amino acid metabolism, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, Parkinson disease | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| FOSCARBIDOPA | Small molecule | phase 3 | Parkinson disease | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| BENSERAZIDE | Small molecule | phase 3 | restless legs syndrome, Parkinson disease, beta-thalassemia intermedia, sickle cell disease, stroke disorder | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| CARBIDOPA | Small molecule | withdrawal | Parkinson disease, injury, postencephalitic Parkinson disease, secondary Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, amblyopia, Vomiting, Nausea, +31 more | Open Targets · ChEMBL |