OncoSignal
Live from Open Targets Platform, fetched 2026-11-11 19:44 UTC. Every row links to its source record.

DDC dopa decarboxylase

ENSG00000132437 · protein coding · Open Targets profile

Catalyzes the decarboxylation of L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) to dopamine and L-5-hydroxytryptophan to serotonin. .

1 of the 4 drugs recorded against DDC is approved, and 2 more reached Phase 3

Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.

2 small molecule drugs at Phase 3: FOSCARBIDOPA, BENSERAZIDE1 small molecule drug at Withdrawn: CARBIDOPA1 gene drug at Approved: ELADOCAGENE EXUPARVOVECSmall molecule 3Gene 1Approved 1Phase 3 2Withdrawn 1

Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

In 4 of 7 cancers, the evidence for DDC comes mainly from inherited variants

Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.

Inherited (germline) variantsMutations in tumours (somatic)
00.250.50.751benign neoplasm of adrenal glandbenign neoplasm of adrenal glandbenign neoplasm of adrenal gland: germline 0.45renal carcinomarenal carcinomarenal carcinoma: germline 0.41clear cell renal carcinomaclear cell renal carcinomaclear cell renal carcinoma: germline 0.36B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaB-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaB-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: germline 0.17adrenal gland pheochromocytomaadrenal gland pheochromocytomaesophageal adenocarcinomaesophageal adenocarcinomakidney oncocytomakidney oncocytoma

Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

Tractability

Small molecule
Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Pocket, Druggable Family

gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.7161300182342529 (upper bound 0.9234600067138672). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.

Who runs trials of these drugs

Principal investigators and study chairs on 13 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against DDC (eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.

7 of 13 trials of drugs against DDC have sites only in Europe

Registry trials of eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 8 of 13 have all sites in one country.

Sites only in this groupSites here and elsewhere
United StatesUnited States: 0 trials with sites only hereUnited States: 4 trials with sites here and elsewhere4ChinaChina: 1 trials with sites only hereChina: 0 trials with sites here and elsewhere1EuropeEurope: 7 trials with sites only hereEurope: 1 trials with sites here and elsewhere8JapanJapan: 0 trials with sites only hereJapan: 1 trials with sites here and elsewhere1OtherOther: 1 trials with sites only hereOther: 4 trials with sites here and elsewhere5

Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.

No terminated, withdrawn or suspended trials of DDC's drugs are registered

Paediatric incentives and obligations for DDC's drugs

For eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.

  • EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-002435-PIP01-18-M03 (Eladocagene exuparvovec, Treatment of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 10 Mar 2023; compliance positive 26 May 2023
    Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA EMEA-002435-PIP01-18-M03, 2026-11-11
  • EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/16/1786 positive 18 Nov 2016: Treatment of aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency; EU/3/18/2125 positive 11 Jan 2019: The treatment of sickle cell disease; EU/3/14/1402 positive 16 Dec 2014: Treatment of beta thalassaemia intermedia and major
    Rule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • Authorised in the EU: yes · Upstaza: authorised since 18 Jul 2022, orphan medicine, exceptional circumstances
    Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA EPAR Upstaza, 2026-11-11
  • FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the link
    Rule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
  • FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide
    Rule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-11
  • Registered studies open to children: yes · 2 interventional studies of eladocagene exuparvovec, foscarbidopa, benserazide include patients under 18; 1 is recruiting, not yet recruiting or active
    Rule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-11

Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs

All 4 drugs and clinical candidates as a table

Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.

DrugTypeHighest stageIndicationsSource records
ELADOCAGENE EXUPARVOVECGeneapprovalinborn disorder of amino acid metabolism, aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase deficiency, Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets · ChEMBL
FOSCARBIDOPASmall moleculephase 3Parkinson diseaseOpen Targets · ChEMBL
BENSERAZIDESmall moleculephase 3restless legs syndrome, Parkinson disease, beta-thalassemia intermedia, sickle cell disease, stroke disorderOpen Targets · ChEMBL
CARBIDOPASmall moleculewithdrawalParkinson disease, injury, postencephalitic Parkinson disease, secondary Parkinson disease, restless legs syndrome, amblyopia, Vomiting, Nausea, +31 moreOpen Targets · ChEMBL