KRAS KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase
ENSG00000133703 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Signal transducer in the Ras-MAPK signaling pathway that regulates cell proliferation and survival (PubMed:22711838, PubMed:23698361). Ras proteins bind GDP/GTP and possess intrinsic GTPase activity (PubMed:20949621, PubMed:39809765). Activates MAPK1/MAPK3 resulting in phosphorylation and ultimately degradation of GJA1 (By similarity). Plays a role in promoting oncogenic events by inducing transcriptional silencing of tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in a ZNF304-dependent manner (PubMed:24623306). Recognized by LZTR1 that mediates its ubiquitination by a BCR (BTB-CUL3-RBX1) E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase complex (PubMed:40934300). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P08644, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20949621, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22711838, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23698361, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24623306, ECO:0000269|PubMed:39809765, ECO:0000269|PubMed:40934300}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand
- Antibody
- UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf
- PROTAC
- Literature, UniProt Ubiquitination, Database Ubiquitination, Half-life Data, Small Molecule Binder
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.047724999487400055 (upper bound 0.2264000028371811). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 92 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against KRAS (sotorasib, adagrasib, salirasib), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Bristol-Myers SquibbBristol-Myers Squibb · 8 of 14 trials Phase 2+Ph2/Ph3NCT04613596 · Phase 2 Trial of Adagrasib Monotherapy and in Combination With Pembrolizumab and a Phase 3 Trial of Adagrasib in Combination in Patients With a KRAS G12C Mutation KRYSTAL-7brief
- Ravi SalgiaCity of Hope Medical Center · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Salman PunekarNYU Langone Health · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Alfredo AddeoDépartement d'Oncologie Hôpitaux Universitaires de Genève · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Andreas N SaltosUniversity Health Network Princess Margaret Cancer Center LAO · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Christine ParseghianM.D. Anderson Cancer Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Douglas WarnerEFFECTOR Therapeutics, Inc. · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Ferdinandos SkoulidisM.D. Anderson Cancer Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Filippo PietrantonioFondazione IRCCS - Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori di Milano · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Grace K DyRoswell Park Cancer Institute · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Gregory RielyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- James M FordECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Jarushka NaidooBeaumont RCSI Cancer Centre, Beaumont Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Kristen MarroneJohns Hopkins University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Kristen R SpencerECOG-ACRIN Cancer Research Group · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of sotorasib, adagrasib, salirasib updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 52 of 90 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 2 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
23 trials of drugs against KRAS were stopped early
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of sotorasib, adagrasib, salirasib, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 23 most recent of 23.
- terminated · 2026-09-08 · Incyte Corporation · adagrasib“This was a strategic business decision. There were no safety concerns contributing to this decision.”
- terminated · 2026-09-02 · Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · Sotorasib“Study closed by Amgen due to lack of enrollment”
- terminated · 2026-07-13 · Amgen · Sotorasib“Futility”
- terminated · 2026-04-22 · Ningbo Newbay Technology Development Co., Ltd · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Development change”
- terminated · 2026-04-09 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Adagrasib“Sponsor discontinued the trial”
- terminated · 2026-04-08 · Deciphera Pharmaceuticals, LLC · Sotorasib“Trial terminated due to business decision, not based on any safety or efficacy concerns.”
- terminated · 2026-02-19 · Mirati Therapeutics Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“business objectives have changed”
- terminated · 2025-12-16 · Medical University of South Carolina · Sotorasib and Tarloxotinib“Study drug was discontinued by manufacturer for business reasons.”
- withdrawn · 2025-09-15 · Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins · Adagrasib, Adagrasib/Nivolumab“no participants enrolled across sites”
- withdrawn · 2025-07-25 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“No participants enrolled”
- terminated · 2025-07-22 · Bristol-Myers Squibb · Adagrasib“Business objectives have changed”
- terminated · 2025-05-29 · Sanofi · Adagrasib“Sponsor's decision not related to any safety concern”
- terminated · 2025-05-01 · Vitrac Therapeutics, LLC · sotorasib“Sponsor decision”
- terminated · 2025-04-25 · Mirati Therapeutics Inc. · Adagrasib“Business objectives have changed”
- terminated · 2024-12-16 · Mirati Therapeutics Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The decision was made to terminate this study to further enrollment, as of 08 March 2022. The decision was made primarily due to a change in development strategy.”
- terminated · 2024-12-12 · Navire Pharma Inc., a BridgeBio company · sotorasib“Business Reasons”
- withdrawn · 2024-11-20 · ETOP IBCSG Partners Foundation · Sotorasib“In view of the recent developments in the field (the increasing number of trials with new KRAS inhibitors), the window of opportunity to answer the question raised in the AMBER trial was missed.”
- withdrawn · 2024-04-12 · Amgen · Sotorasib“FDA and EMA agreed existing data are appropriate for approval and no further BE studies are required.”
- withdrawn · 2024-03-29 · NYU Langone Health · Sotorasib“Study record has been combined with NCT05815173 (Phase I/II study).”
- withdrawn · 2024-01-23 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Adagrasib“0 participant accrual”
- withdrawn · 2023-10-18 · Criterium, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Lack of enrollment”
- withdrawn · 2023-07-17 · Fox Chase Cancer Center · Sotorasib, 960 mg, oral daily dose for 4 weeks (28 days)“Grantor withdrew support due to slow accrual”
- withdrawn · 2023-05-11 · Devalingam Mahalingam · Sotorasib“Funder Decision”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for KRAS's drugs
For sotorasib, adagrasib, salirasib: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · KRAS is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-002690-PIP02-22 (sotorasib, Treatment of colorectal carcinoma): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 10 Mar 2024; EMEA-003068-PIP01-21 (adagrasib, Treatment of all solid and haematological malignancies): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 3 Dec 2021Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/11/871 withdrawn 21 Jun 2011: Treatment of pancreatic cancerRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA EU/3/11/871, 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Krazati: authorised since 5 Jan 2024, conditional; Lumykras: authorised since 6 Jan 2022, conditionalRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of sotorasib, adagrasib, salirasibRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-11
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 2 interventional studies of sotorasib, adagrasib, salirasib include patients under 18; 2 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-11
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 3 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.
| Drug | Type | Highest stage | Indications | Source records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SOTORASIB | Small molecule | approval | non-small cell lung carcinoma, neoplasm, colorectal cancer, lung cancer, non-small cell squamous lung carcinoma, breast cancer, pancreatic neoplasm, endometrial cancer, +9 more | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| ADAGRASIB | Small molecule | approval | non-small cell lung carcinoma, neoplasm, colorectal cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma, biliary tract cancer, pancreatic neoplasm, +2 more | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| SALIRASIB | Small molecule | phase 2 | lung cancer, non-small cell lung carcinoma, pancreatic neoplasm, malignant pancreatic neoplasm | Open Targets · ChEMBL |