CACNA1C calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C
ENSG00000151067 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Pore-forming, alpha-1C subunit of the voltage-gated calcium channel that gives rise to L-type calcium currents (PubMed:12181424, PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:16299511, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:20953164, PubMed:23677916, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506, PubMed:27218670, PubMed:29078335, PubMed:29742403, PubMed:30023270, PubMed:30172029, PubMed:34163037, PubMed:8099908). Mediates influx of calcium ions into the cytoplasm, and thereby triggers calcium release from the sarcoplasm (By similarity). Plays an important role in excitation-contraction coupling in the heart. Required for normal heart development and normal regulation of heart rhythm (PubMed:15454078, PubMed:15863612, PubMed:17224476, PubMed:24728418, PubMed:26253506). Required for normal contraction of smooth muscle cells in blood vessels and in the intestine. Essential for normal blood pressure regulation via its role in the contraction of arterial smooth muscle cells (PubMed:28119464). Long-lasting (L-type) calcium channels belong to the 'high-voltage activated' (HVA) group (Probable). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P15381, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12181424, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15454078, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15863612, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16299511, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17224476, ECO:0000269|PubMed:20953164, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23677916, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24728418, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25260352, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25633834, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26253506, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27218670, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28119464, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29078335, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29742403, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30023270, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30172029, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31430211, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34163037, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8099908, ECO:0000305}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, Druggable Family
- Antibody
- UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt loc med conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- PROTAC
- Half-life Data, Small Molecule Binder
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.13101999461650848 (upper bound 0.17770999670028687). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 122 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against CACNA1C (nilvadipine, manidipine 6300, barnidipine, nicardipine, verapamil, benidipine, levamlodipine, cinnarizine, bepridil, diltiazem, dronedarone, phloroglucinol), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Adem AzHaseki Training and Research Hospital · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Yunpeng ZhuRuijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Alberto PuglieseCity of Hope Medical Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Alfonso GalderisiAPHP · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Aliya AkhtarNishtar Medical University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Andrea NataleTexas Cardiac Arrhythmia Research Foundation · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Anne ZepeskiUniversity of Iowa · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Antoinette MoranUniversity of Minnesota · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Bill PayneWest Virginia University - Charleston Division/CAMC · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Dayan ColinCardiff University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Eman SbaityAmerican University of Beirut Medical Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Fahim EbrahimiUniversity Hospital, Basel, Switzerland · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Götz ThomallaUniversitätsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Gregory ForlenzaBarbara Davis Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Hafiz Abdul Manan ShahidPunjab Institute of Cardiology · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of nilvadipine, manidipine 6300, barnidipine, nicardipine, verapamil, benidipine, levamlodipine, cinnarizine, bepridil, diltiazem, dronedarone, phloroglucinol updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 108 of 113 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 9 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
47 trials of drugs against CACNA1C were stopped early; 5 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of nilvadipine, manidipine 6300, barnidipine, nicardipine, verapamil, benidipine, levamlodipine, cinnarizine, bepridil, diltiazem, dronedarone, phloroglucinol, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 47.
- suspended · 2026-10-27 · University of California, Irvine · Verapamil“Enrollment temporarily paused pending IRB continuing review; recruitment expected to resume.”
- terminated · 2026-09-24 · HB BioTech, LLC · Verapamil Only Product in Oral Dose Form“Decision to terminate study due to a lack of efficacy in this study population. There were no safety concerns identified that contributed to this decision.”
- terminated · 2026-09-10 · CAMC Health System · Diltiazem“Low enrollment and PI retired.”
- terminated · 2025-10-30 · Tulane University School of Medicine · dronedarone 400 mg Oral Tablet“Sponsor withdrew funding”
- terminated · 2025-09-22 · Viatris Innovation GmbH · Diltiazem ER“Based on results from the pilot phase, the study is terminated. No safety events leading to discontinuation were reported”
- terminated · 2025-05-11 · Peng Roc Chen, MD · Nicardipine, Verapamil, Nicardipine + Verapamil + Nitroglycerin“Slow enrollment”
- terminated · 2025-02-25 · Stanford University · Diltiazem“Low recruitment, insufficient funding”
- terminated · 2025-02-06 · Atrial Fibrillation Network · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“following a recommendation from the data safety and monitoring board due to safety concerns and a tendency towards futility.”
- withdrawn · 2024-10-24 · Stephen Ruedrich · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Not funded”
- withdrawn · 2024-04-26 · Thomas Jefferson University · Nicardipine“This study was planned, but recruitment and enrollment never began.”
- terminated · 2023-07-18 · Seoul National University Hospital · Amiodarone, diltiazem or esmolol“Study enrollment too slow, 1 over 6 months”
- withdrawn · 2023-05-26 · Hospices Civils de Lyon · DILTIAZEM TEVA 60 mg or placebo“the epidemiological situation has changed considerably.”
- terminated · 2023-02-06 · University Hospital, Lille · Diltiazem“rate of inclusion and study affected by covid-19 epidemic”
- withdrawn · 2022-07-27 · EMS · Levamlodipine 2.5/ 5 mg“Sponsor decision”
- withdrawn · 2021-12-15 · Boston University · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study was not IRB approved and there were anticipated challenges in recruiting participants.”
- terminated · 2021-03-22 · Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust · Nicardipine Hydrochloride, Verapamil Hydrochloride“Unable to recruit in time before end of PhD studentship”
- withdrawn · 2021-03-11 · University Hospital, Lille · Association of diltiazem and niclosamide“evidence showed chloroquine is not effective against COVID-19”
- terminated · 2021-02-03 · Arthrex, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Eclipse Shoulder System received 510(k) clearance on July 26, 2019.”
- terminated · 2020-08-25 · University Hospital, Strasbourg, France · Nicardipine“no candidats”
- suspended · 2020-06-30 · National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Challenges with funding and very low incidence of COVID-19 at Irish study site”
- terminated · 2020-01-14 · Bispebjerg Hospital · Diltiazem“Slow inclusion rate”
- withdrawn · 2019-09-18 · Johns Hopkins University · Verapamil ER“Failure to recruit patients meeting inclusion criteria.”
- terminated · 2019-07-23 · Benjamin Bleier · Verapamil Hydrochloride Intranasal“Phase II funding not available”
- withdrawn · 2018-11-20 · University of South Florida · Diltiazem Hydrochloride“no participants agreed to enroll since study start”
- terminated · 2018-06-14 · Benjamin Bleier · Verapamil HCl“Evidence that the dose is insufficient.”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for CACNA1C's drugs
For nilvadipine, manidipine 6300, barnidipine, nicardipine, verapamil, benidipine, levamlodipine, cinnarizine, bepridil, diltiazem, dronedarone, phloroglucinol: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · CACNA1C is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-002276-PIP01-17 (verapamil;trandolapril, Treatment of hypertension): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 15 Jun 2018; EMEA-001726-PIP01-14 (ranolazine;dronedarone, Treatment of supraventricular arrhythmias): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 5 Jun 2015; EMEA-001223-PIP01-11 (Diltiazem (hydrochloride), Treatment of chronic anal fissure): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 27 Jan 2012Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/19/2240 positive 9 Jan 2020: Treatment of non-traumatic subarachnoid haemorrhageRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA EU/3/19/2240, 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Multaq: authorised since 25 Nov 2009; Multaq: application withdrawnRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of nilvadipine, manidipine 6300, barnidipine, nicardipine, verapamil, benidipine, levamlodipine, cinnarizine, bepridil, diltiazem, dronedarone, phloroglucinolRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-11
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 25 interventional studies of nilvadipine, manidipine 6300, barnidipine, nicardipine, verapamil, benidipine, levamlodipine, cinnarizine, bepridil, diltiazem, dronedarone, phloroglucinol include patients under 18; 7 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-11
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 41 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.