SLC22A12 solute carrier family 22 member 12
ENSG00000197891 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Electroneutral antiporter that translocates urate across the apical membrane of proximal tubular cells in exchange for monovalent organic or inorganic anions (PubMed:12024214, PubMed:22194875, PubMed:35144162, PubMed:35462902). Involved in renal reabsorption of urate and helps maintaining blood levels of uric acid (PubMed:12024214, PubMed:22194875). Mediates urate uptake by an exchange with organic anions such as (S)-lactate and nicotinate, and inorganic anion Cl(-) (PubMed:12024214). Other inorganic anions such as Br(-), I(-) and NO3(-) may also act as counteranions that exchange for urate (PubMed:12024214). Also mediates orotate tubular uptake coupled with nicotinate efflux and to a lesser extent with lactate efflux, therefore displaying a potential role in orotate renal reabsorption (PubMed:21350910). Orotate transport is Cl(-)-dependent (PubMed:21350910). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:12024214, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21350910, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22194875, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35144162, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35462902}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, Druggable Family
- Antibody
- UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- PROTAC
- Small Molecule Binder
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 1.0618000030517578 (upper bound 1.3265999555587769). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 15 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against SLC22A12 (dotinurad, sulfinpyrazone, SHR-4640, pratosartan, arhalofenate, verinurad), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Abhay MuthaDiabetes Care & Research Centre · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Alexandra SteinbergGilead Sciences · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Aravind S SosaleDiacon Hospital Diabetes & Research Centre · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Ariachery C AmminiAll India Institute of Medical Sciences · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Douglas Denhamdgd Research, Inc. · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Ganapati BantwalSt Johns Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Harish KumarAmrita Institute of Medical Sciences · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- K. M. Prasanna KumarM. S. Ramaiah Memorial Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Kirtikumar ModiMedwin Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Koichi NodeSaga University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Manoj ChadhaPD Hindhuja National Hospital & Medical Research Centre · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Mathew ThomasHealth & Research Centre · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Michael GuiceAmerican Institute of Research · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Navneet AgrawalDiabetes, Obesity and Thyroid Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Nihal ThomasChristian Medical College, Vellore, India · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of dotinurad, sulfinpyrazone, SHR-4640, pratosartan, arhalofenate, verinurad updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 12 of 14 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 1 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
1 trials of drugs against SLC22A12 were stopped early
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of dotinurad, sulfinpyrazone, SHR-4640, pratosartan, arhalofenate, verinurad, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 1 most recent of 1.
- terminated · 2026-09-18 · Gilead Sciences · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“MBX-102 did not meet the target efficacy profile of HbA1c change.”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for SLC22A12's drugs
For dotinurad, sulfinpyrazone, SHR-4640, pratosartan, arhalofenate, verinurad: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · SLC22A12 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-002754-PIP01-19 (allopurinol;verinurad, Treatment of chronic kidney disease): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 29 Jan 2021Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA EMEA-002754-PIP01-19, 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: no · No EU orphan designation names dotinurad, sulfinpyrazone, shr-4640, pratosartan, arhalofenate, verinuradRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: no · EMA lists no centrally authorised medicine of dotinurad, sulfinpyrazone, shr-4640, pratosartan, arhalofenate, verinuradRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of dotinurad, sulfinpyrazone, shr-4640, pratosartan, arhalofenate, verinuradRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: no · No interventional study of dotinurad, sulfinpyrazone, shr-4640, pratosartan, arhalofenate, verinurad includes patients under 18Rule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 8 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.
| Drug | Type | Highest stage | Indications | Source records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DOTINURAD | Small molecule | approval | hyperuricemia, gout | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| SULFINPYRAZONE | Small molecule | approval | gout | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| SHR-4640 | Small molecule | phase 3 | gout, hyperuricemia | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| PRATOSARTAN | Small molecule | phase 3 | hypertensive disorder | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| ARHALOFENATE | Small molecule | phase 2 3 | gout, type 2 diabetes mellitus, hyperuricemia, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| VERINURAD | Small molecule | phase 2 | hyperuricemia, gout, albuminuria, type 2 diabetes mellitus, chronic kidney disease | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| BENZBROMARONE | Small molecule | withdrawal | gout, hyperuricemia, pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| LESINURAD | Small molecule | withdrawal | hyperuricemia, gout | Open Targets · ChEMBL |