TXNRD1 thioredoxin reductase 1
ENSG00000198431 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Reduces disulfide protein thioredoxin (Trx) to its dithiol- containing form (PubMed:8577704). Homodimeric flavoprotein involved in the regulation of cellular redox reactions, growth and differentiation. A selenocysteine residue at the C-terminal active site is essential for catalysis (Probable). Also has reductase activity on hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (PubMed:10849437). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10849437, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8577704, ECO:0000305|PubMed:17512005}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, High-Quality Pocket, Druggable Family
- PROTAC
- UniProt Ubiquitination, Database Ubiquitination, Half-life Data, Small Molecule Binder
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.710129976272583 (upper bound 0.8854100108146667). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
No named investigators on registry trials of TXNRD1's approved or late-stage drugs in the last three years.
9 trials of drugs against TXNRD1 were stopped early; 6 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of motexafin gadolinium, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 9 most recent of 9.
- terminated · 2021-10-04 · Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, Inc · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Due to business reasons.”
- terminated · 2019-08-14 · Northwestern University · motexafin gadolinium“Due to lack of funding, phase II of study was not completed.”
- terminated · 2014-07-24 · Pharmacyclics LLC. · Motexafin GadoliniumNo reason given
- terminated · 2014-06-26 · Pharmacyclics LLC. · Motexafin gadoliniumNo reason given
- terminated · 2014-05-23 · Pharmacyclics LLC. · Motexafin GadoliniumNo reason given
- terminated · 2014-05-09 · Pharmacyclics LLC. · Motexafin gadoliniumNo reason given
- terminated · 2013-10-31 · Pharmacyclics LLC. · Motexafin gadolinium and pemetrexedNo reason given
- withdrawn · 2012-05-18 · Northwestern University · Motexafin gadolinium“Lack of funding”
- terminated · 2007-05-08 · Pharmacyclics LLC. · Motexafin Gadolinium InjectionNo reason given
Paediatric incentives and obligations for TXNRD1's drugs
For motexafin gadolinium: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · TXNRD1 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: no · No EMA paediatric investigation plan decision names motexafin gadoliniumRule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: no · No EU orphan designation names motexafin gadoliniumRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: no · EMA lists no centrally authorised medicine of motexafin gadoliniumRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of motexafin gadoliniumRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 3 interventional studies of motexafin gadolinium include patients under 18; 0 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 3 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.