TOP2B DNA topoisomerase II beta
ENSG00000077097 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Key decatenating enzyme that alters DNA topology by binding to two double-stranded DNA molecules, generating a double-stranded break in one of the strands, passing the intact strand through the broken strand, and religating the broken strand. Plays a role in B-cell differentiation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10684600, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31409799, ECO:0000269|PubMed:32128574}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, High-Quality Pocket, Druggable Family
- PROTAC
- UniProt Ubiquitination, Database Ubiquitination, Half-life Data, Small Molecule Binder
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.263590008020401 (upper bound 0.33285000920295715). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 400 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against TOP2B (dexrazoxane, teniposide, amsacrine, pazufloxacin, vosaroxin, etoposide, becatecarin, C-1311, berubicin), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Yi-jin GaoShanghai Children's Medical Center · 5 of 5 trials Phase 2+
- Alex F HerreraCity of Hope Medical Center · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- You LuWest China Hospital · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Taofeek OwonikokoUniversity of Maryland, Baltimore · 2 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Aditi BagchiSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Amar GajjarSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Anthony S. SteinCity of Hope Medical Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Chuanxu LiuFudan University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Darren FeldmanMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- David A BondOhio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Elizabeth A MullenChildren's Oncology Group · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Franco LocatelliIRCSS Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Frits van RheeUniversity of Arkansas for Medical Science-Myeloma Institute · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Girish DhallChildren's Hospital of Alabama · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Hiroto InabaSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of dexrazoxane, teniposide, amsacrine, pazufloxacin, vosaroxin, etoposide, becatecarin, C-1311, berubicin updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 274 of 377 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 23 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
260 trials of drugs against TOP2B were stopped early; 22 of the 200 most recent give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of dexrazoxane, teniposide, amsacrine, pazufloxacin, vosaroxin, etoposide, becatecarin, C-1311, berubicin, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 260.
- terminated · 2026-11-04 · City of Hope Medical Center · etoposide phosphate“Terminated early due a shift in resources after lackluster performance of the drug.”
- terminated · 2026-10-05 · Children's Oncology Group · Etoposide“Drug supply issues”
- terminated · 2026-10-01 · Alaunos Therapeutics · Etoposide“Sponsor closed enrollment in April 2013 following a change in the palifosfamide development plan (business decision), not for safety reasons. Enrolled participants continued treatment and were followed for survival”
- suspended · 2026-09-29 · University of Washington · Etoposide“Safety Review”
- suspended · 2026-09-14 · University of Maryland, Baltimore · Etoposide Injection“PI changed institution. Not yet approved at current location.”
- withdrawn · 2026-07-16 · Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Following an evaluation by the investigator, the study has been terminated due to exceptional circumstances.”
- terminated · 2026-05-04 · Debiopharm International SA · Etoposide“The trial was concluded for strategic reasons.”
- withdrawn · 2026-04-29 · Sichuan University · Etoposide“Inorder to avoid the serious adverse effect of Toripalimab combining with Tifcemalimab, considering as the protection of participants.”
- terminated · 2026-04-28 · Chia Tai Tianqing Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd. · Carboplatin for injection/cisplatin for injection + etoposide injection + benmelstobart injection + Anlotinib hydrochloride capsule, Carboplatin for injection/Cisplatin for injection + etoposide injection + Tislelizumab injection“This study was closed due to business reasons. Closure was not prompted by any safety or efficacy concerns.”
- withdrawn · 2026-04-27 · Fudan University · Etoposide“No patients enrolled”
- withdrawn · 2026-04-01 · Eric Jacobsen, MD · Etoposide“Ipsen requested a temporary closure due to a safety concern.”
- terminated · 2026-03-20 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Etoposide“<75% participation”
- terminated · 2026-03-02 · BeiGene · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Study has voluntarily discontinued due to a change in the company-level development strategy and is not because of any safety concern.”
- terminated · 2026-01-28 · Norwegian University of Science and Technology · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Termination was adviced by Data Safety Committee due to excess toxicity of the experimental treatment.”
- terminated · 2026-01-22 · Delta-Fly Pharma, Inc. · Etoposide“The data met the protocol-specified criteria for futility of the investigational treatment.”
- terminated · 2026-01-05 · Antengene Corporation · ICE [ifosfamide+carboplatin+etoposide]“Based on the adjustment of clinical research and development strategy，sponsor decided to terminate the study”
- terminated · 2025-11-05 · Abramson Cancer Center at Penn Medicine · High dose etoposide and cytarabine (HiVAC)No reason given
- terminated · 2025-10-02 · Takeda · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Phase 1 enrollment was terminated due to dose-limiting toxicities, thus the study was terminated by Sponsor.”
- terminated · 2025-09-09 · Sanofi · Etoposide“Study was prematurely stopped due to sponsor decision (stage 2 efficacy criteria not met); not due to safety concerns.”
- terminated · 2025-06-29 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Etoposide“PI Request”
- terminated · 2025-06-27 · Apollomics Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“In light of the strategic realignment of the company's development focus, it has been determined to discontinue the further development of Uproleselan Injection.”
- withdrawn · 2025-06-17 · EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. · Etoposide“Study was terminated due to decision made not to proceed with the clinical trial DDRiver 521, that has not yet commenced enrolment, for strategic reasons.”
- terminated · 2025-06-05 · Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center · Etoposide“Low accrual and Merck discontinuing funding and drug supply”
- terminated · 2025-05-31 · University of Miami · Etoposide“Investigator Decision”
- terminated · 2025-05-29 · Biogen · berubicin hydrochloride (RTA 744)“Business Decision”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for TOP2B's drugs
For dexrazoxane, teniposide, amsacrine, pazufloxacin, vosaroxin, etoposide, becatecarin, C-1311, berubicin: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · TOP2B is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-001450-PIP01-13-M01 (vosaroxin, Treatment of acute myeloid leukaemia): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 4 Dec 2015Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA EMEA-001450-PIP01-13-M01, 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/06/388 withdrawn 25 Jul 2006: Treatment of cancers of the biliary tree; EU/3/01/059 expired 19 Sept 2001: Treatment of anthracycline extravasations; EU/3/12/990 positive 26 Apr 2012: Treatment of acute myeloid leukaemiaRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Savene: authorised since 27 Jul 2006; Qinprezo: application withdrawnRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of dexrazoxane, teniposide, amsacrine, pazufloxacin, vosaroxin, etoposide, becatecarin, c-1311, berubicinRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-11
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 745 interventional studies of dexrazoxane, teniposide, amsacrine, pazufloxacin, vosaroxin, etoposide, becatecarin, c-1311, berubicin include patients under 18; 141 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-11
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 11 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.