GLP1R glucagon like peptide 1 receptor
ENSG00000112164 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
G protein-coupled receptor for glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP- 1) (PubMed:19861722, PubMed:26308095, PubMed:27196125, PubMed:28514449, PubMed:7517895, PubMed:8216285, PubMed:8405712). Ligand binding triggers activation of a signaling cascade that leads to the activation of adenylyl cyclase and increased intracellular cAMP levels (PubMed:19861722, PubMed:26308095, PubMed:27196125, PubMed:28514449, PubMed:7517895, PubMed:8216285, PubMed:8405712). Plays a role in regulating insulin secretion in response to GLP-1 (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:O35659, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19861722, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26308095, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27196125, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28514449, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7517895, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8216285, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8405712}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Advanced Clinical, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, Druggable Family
- Antibody
- UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- PROTAC
- Small Molecule Binder
- Other modalities
- Approved Drug
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.46755000948905945 (upper bound 0.6280099749565125). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 400 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against GLP1R (exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, retatrutide, taspoglutide, survodutide, efpeglenatide, avexitide, danuglipron, cotadutide), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Manish JhaUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Aaron KellyUniversity of Minnesota · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Ali AminianThe Cleveland Clinic · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Bonaventure Yiu Ming IpChinese University of Hong Kong · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Joji SuzukiBrigham and Women's Hospital · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Louise MoistLondon Health Sciences Centre · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Melissa-Rosina PasquaResearch Institute of the McGill University Health Centre Royal Victoria Hospital · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Abigail GoshenSheba Medical Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Adrian VellaMayo Clinic · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Ahmad HaidarMcGill University Health Centre/Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Alaina VidmarChildren's Hospital Los Angeles · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Alexa N BramallDuke University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Allison R EckardMedical University of South Carolina · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Allison ShapiroUniversity of Colorado, Denver · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Amit PatelUniversity of Virginia · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, retatrutide, taspoglutide, survodutide, efpeglenatide, avexitide, danuglipron, cotadutide updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 277 of 374 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 26 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
101 trials of drugs against GLP1R were stopped early; 12 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, retatrutide, taspoglutide, survodutide, efpeglenatide, avexitide, danuglipron, cotadutide, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 101.
- withdrawn · 2026-07-09 · Novo Nordisk A/S · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study is withdrawn due to strategic reasons.”
- withdrawn · 2026-07-09 · Novo Nordisk A/S · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study is withdrawn due to strategic reasons.”
- withdrawn · 2026-04-17 · Esbjerg Hospital - University Hospital of Southern Denmark · Semaglutide Pen Injector“suspended by the danish medical agency”
- suspended · 2026-03-30 · University of Chicago · Liraglutide Pen Injector [Saxenda]“Study pending amendment”
- withdrawn · 2026-03-23 · Methodist Health System · Semaglutide“IRB did not approve”
- withdrawn · 2026-03-13 · Christopher D. Verrico · Exenatide“The study was closed due to the inability to acquire the study drug.”
- withdrawn · 2026-02-25 · Halia Therapeutics, Inc. · Semaglutide 1 mg“Business decision to move away from this indication with this intervention, and low enrollment.”
- terminated · 2026-02-09 · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon · Liraglutide“Exploratory protocol, convincing results, robust analysis”
- terminated · 2026-02-06 · Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Dijon · Liraglutide“Failure of inclusion”
- withdrawn · 2026-01-15 · Camillo Ricordi and Jay Skyler · Exenatide“Study withdrawn prior to enrollment due to funding issues”
- withdrawn · 2026-01-12 · Washington University School of Medicine · Semaglutide“Low accrual”
- withdrawn · 2025-12-19 · United States Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine · Semaglutide“lack of funding”
- withdrawn · 2025-09-24 · Eli Lilly and Company · Tirzepatide, Tirzepatide Placebo“Study terminated for strategic business reasons”
- terminated · 2025-08-07 · Pfizer · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The sponsor has made the decision to discontinue development of danuglipron (PF-06882961). As such, this study was discontinued prior to PF-06882961 administration.”
- terminated · 2025-07-01 · University of Maryland, Baltimore · Exenatide Injection (before the first FSIGT), Exenatide injection before the second FSIGT)“We concluded that it would not be possible to meet our recruitment targets within the available budget. The study was ended when the funding ended.”
- terminated · 2025-03-13 · BioAge Labs, Inc. · Tirzepatide, Tirzepatide Placebo“Dosing of both study drugs has been discontinued due to observation of liver transaminitis without clinically significant symptoms in some subjects receiving azelaprag. All participant visits have been completed.”
- withdrawn · 2025-02-25 · Washington University School of Medicine · Tirzepatide“The study was discontinued prematurely for administrative reasons”
- withdrawn · 2025-02-14 · University of California, Los Angeles · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Conducted an interim analysis on similar data”
- terminated · 2025-01-17 · Emory University · Dulaglutide“This clinical trial was terminated on June 7, 2024 due to new information about contraindications of using the study drug in this population.”
- terminated · 2025-01-14 · Pfizer · Semaglutide“The decision to terminate clinical development of lotiglipron is based on pharmacokinetic data from Phase 1 drug-drug-interaction studies and laboratory measurements of elevated transaminases in these Phase 1 studies as well as a Phase 2 study.”
- terminated · 2024-12-12 · VA Office of Research and Development · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Funding expired”
- terminated · 2024-12-04 · Tracey McLaughlin · matched by the registry's drug synonymsNo reason given
- withdrawn · 2024-09-26 · Xiaojun Chen · Liraglutide Injection“Based on our latest research results, we will revise the protocol and design a better study. Since no participants are enrolled till now, we withdraw this study.”
- terminated · 2024-09-25 · Iain Bressendorff · ACEi / ARB, SGLT2i, finerenone, semaglutide, pentoxifylline, hydrochlorthiazide, baricitinib“Slow recruitment”
- terminated · 2024-09-19 · The Cleveland Clinic · liraglutide 3.0 mg“After an unplanned yet IRB approved interim analysis, it was found that there was not a significant difference between the 3 arms of the study. The study was closed due to futility. All Patients are off study and this study will not resume.”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for GLP1R's drugs
For exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, retatrutide, taspoglutide, survodutide, efpeglenatide, avexitide, danuglipron, cotadutide: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · GLP1R is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMA/PE/0000245851 (tirzepatide, Treatment of obesity): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 11 Jul 2025; EMA/PE/0000240529 (cagrilintide;semaglutide, Treatment of obesity): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 15 May 2025; EMA/PE/0000237950 (tirzepatide, Treatment of type II diabetes mellitus): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 16 Apr 2025; EMEA-003402-PIP01-23 (fibroblast growth factor 21 analogue (NNC194-0499) / semaglutide, Treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 1 Feb 2024; +25 moreRule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/23/2793 positive 20 Jun 2023: Treatment of moderate and severe closed traumatic brain injury; EU/3/22/2667 positive 18 Jul 2022: Treatment of Wolfram syndrome; EU/3/16/1629 positive 21 Mar 2016: Treatment of idiopathic intracranial hypertensionRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Liraglutide STADA: authorised since 15 Jul 2026; Ablymico: authorised since 15 Jul 2026; Wegovy: authorised since 6 Jan 2022; Victoza: authorised since 30 Jun 2009; +10 moreRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, retatrutide, taspoglutide, survodutide, efpeglenatide, avexitide, danuglipron, cotadutideRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 100 interventional studies of exenatide, liraglutide, semaglutide, tirzepatide, dulaglutide, retatrutide, taspoglutide, survodutide, efpeglenatide, avexitide, danuglipron, cotadutide include patients under 18; 34 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 17 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.