NR3C1 nuclear receptor subfamily 3 group C member 1
ENSG00000113580 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC) (PubMed:27120390, PubMed:37478846). Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors (PubMed:28139699). Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues. Involved in chromatin remodeling (PubMed:9590696). Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP1A, leading to RNA decay (PubMed:25775514). Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth (By similarity). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P06537, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25775514, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27120390, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28139699, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37478846, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9590696}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, High-Quality Pocket, Druggable Family
- PROTAC
- UniProt Ubiquitination, Database Ubiquitination, Half-life Data, Small Molecule Binder
- Other modalities
- Advanced Clinical
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.18908999860286713 (upper bound 0.2956100106239319). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 400 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against NR3C1 (hydrocortisone sodium, hydrocortisone probutate, cortisone, betamethasone, rimexolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortamate, amcinonide, hydrocortisone, meprednisone, betamethasone benzoate, medrysone), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Elias JabbourM.D. Anderson Cancer Center · 4 of 4 trials Phase 2+
- Seth E. KarolSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+Ph1/Ph2NCT05192889 · Trial Treating Relapsed Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia With Venetoclax and Navitoclaxbrief
- Bin HanThe 2nd Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Farhad Ravandi-KashaniSWOG Cancer Research Network · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Irina BancosMayo Clinic · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Jens-Ulrik Stæhr JensenCOP:RESP · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Principal InvestigatorImmedica Pharma AB · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Ryan D. CassadayFred Hutch/University of Washington Cancer Consortium · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Stephen E SpurgeonOHSU Knight Cancer Institute · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Ariela NoyMemorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Donald LeungNational Jewish Health: Division of Pediatric Allergy and Clinical Immunology · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Evan J LipsonJHU Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center LAO · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Lynnette K NiemanNational Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK) · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Seth KarolSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Steven R FeldmanWake Forest University Health Sciences · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of hydrocortisone sodium, hydrocortisone probutate, cortisone, betamethasone, rimexolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortamate, amcinonide, hydrocortisone, meprednisone, betamethasone benzoate, medrysone updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 323 of 368 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 32 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
202 trials of drugs against NR3C1 were stopped early; 15 of the 200 most recent give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of hydrocortisone sodium, hydrocortisone probutate, cortisone, betamethasone, rimexolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortamate, amcinonide, hydrocortisone, meprednisone, betamethasone benzoate, medrysone, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 202.
- suspended · 2026-10-02 · Columbia University · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“lack of funding”
- suspended · 2026-09-29 · University of Washington · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Safety Review”
- withdrawn · 2026-09-14 · Neurocrine UK Limited · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Protocol re-design required following EU Phase III results”
- withdrawn · 2026-08-31 · CAMC Health System · Hydrocortisone, Fludrocortisone“Study closed for PI failure to submit renewal paperwork”
- terminated · 2026-07-30 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“the study was closed early due to competing trials”
- terminated · 2026-07-28 · Siriraj Hospital · Early hydrocortisone, Open-label hydrocortisone“The study was terminated early on December 25, 2025, following the Data and Safety Monitoring Board (DSMB) recommendation due to preliminary evidence of futility.”
- terminated · 2026-07-22 · Mayo Clinic · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Sponsor decided to close due to slow accrual and lack of efficacy”
- withdrawn · 2026-07-07 · Vastra Gotaland Region · OD dual-release Hydrocortisone, TID Hydrocortisone“The study was terminated because of insufficient funding to complete the planned research activities.”
- terminated · 2026-06-30 · The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston · Betamethasone“Low study recruitment”
- withdrawn · 2026-06-15 · University Hospital, Tours · Hydrocortisone“COMPETITOR TEST (RECOVERY)”
- withdrawn · 2026-06-12 · Rennes University Hospital · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Investigator leaving the hospital”
- terminated · 2026-06-10 · Columbia University · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Closed by the industry collaborator”
- terminated · 2026-05-13 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“<75% participation”
- withdrawn · 2026-05-13 · University of Southampton · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Funding partners dissolved prior to study launch”
- withdrawn · 2026-05-05 · Children's Oncology Group · Therapeutic Hydrocortisone“Other - Protocol moved to Withdrawn”
- terminated · 2026-03-25 · Claire Bourgeois · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The decision to discontinue the project is based on several factors, including organizational constraints, lack of funding, and insufficient participant interest in taking part.”
- withdrawn · 2026-03-24 · Tarsus University · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The clinical trial number for this study was previously assigned. This was done in error.”
- terminated · 2026-03-16 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“<75% participation”
- terminated · 2026-02-12 · St. Jude Children's Research Hospital · Hydrocortisone“Closed due to slow accrual”
- terminated · 2025-12-22 · Shehab Ahmed Hamad · Betamethasone“There was a change in the protocol of the study”
- terminated · 2025-11-04 · University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study has been affected significantly by the COVID pandemic, drug supply/drug amendment, low recruitment interest, and FDA approval of another drug with the same indication, so this study has not met its primary endpoint data requirements.”
- terminated · 2025-10-03 · University of Chicago · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Closed by PI due to not meeting primary endpoint”
- terminated · 2025-10-02 · Takeda · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Phase 1 enrollment was terminated due to dose-limiting toxicities, thus the study was terminated by Sponsor.”
- suspended · 2025-09-23 · University of Bern · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Funding difficulties”
- terminated · 2025-08-19 · University of Vienna · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The anticipated study duration was two years. Despite sustained recruitment efforts, the required number of eligible participants could not be enrolled within this timeframe. Therefore, the study was terminated.”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for NR3C1's drugs
For hydrocortisone sodium, hydrocortisone probutate, cortisone, betamethasone, rimexolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortamate, amcinonide, hydrocortisone, meprednisone, betamethasone benzoate, medrysone: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · NR3C1 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-002305-PIP01-17-M01 (hydrocortisone (hemisuccinate), Prevention of bronchopulmonary dysplasia): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 9 Sept 2020; compliance positive 23 Feb 2024; EMEA-002739-PIP01-19 (hydrocortisone;benzocaine, Treatment of haemorrhoidal disease): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 13 May 2020; EMEA-001283-PIP01-12 (hydrocortisone, Treatment of adrenocortical insufficiency): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 26 Feb 2013; compliance positive 14 Oct 2016; EMEA-000277-PIP01-08 (calcipotriol hydrate;hydrocortisone, Psoriasis vulgaris): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 20 Apr 2009; +1 moreRule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/07/441 withdrawn 20 Mar 2007: Treatment of adrenal insufficiency; EU/3/06/372 expired 22 May 2006: Treatment of adrenal insufficiency; EU/3/05/296 positive 27 Jul 2005: Treatment of congenital adrenal hyperplasiaRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Alkindi: authorised since 9 Feb 2018; Efmody: authorised since 27 May 2021; Hydrocortisone Aguettant: application withdrawn; Plenadren: authorised since 3 Nov 2011Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of hydrocortisone sodium, hydrocortisone probutate, cortisone, betamethasone, rimexolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortamate, amcinonide, hydrocortisone, meprednisone, betamethasone benzoate, medrysoneRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 437 interventional studies of hydrocortisone sodium, hydrocortisone probutate, cortisone, betamethasone, rimexolone, fluprednisolone, hydrocortamate, amcinonide, hydrocortisone, meprednisone, betamethasone benzoate, medrysone include patients under 18; 91 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 71 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.