OncoSignal
Live from Open Targets Platform, fetched 2026-11-12 01:05 UTC. Every row links to its source record.

IMPA1 inositol monophosphatase 1

ENSG00000133731 · protein coding · Open Targets profile

Phosphatase involved in the dephosphorylation of myo-inositol monophosphates to generate myo-inositol (PubMed:17068342, PubMed:8718889, PubMed:9462881). Is also able to dephosphorylate scyllo-inositol-phosphate, myo-inositol 1,4-diphosphate, scyllo- inositol-1,3-diphosphate and scyllo-inositol-1,4-diphosphate (PubMed:17068342). Also dephosphorylates in vitro other sugar- phosphates including D-galactose-1-phosphate, glucose-1-phosphate, glucose-6-phosphate, fructose-1-phosphate, beta-glycerophosphate and 2'-AMP (PubMed:17068342, PubMed:8718889, PubMed:9462881). Responsible for the provision of inositol required for synthesis of phosphatidylinositols and polyphosphoinositides, and involved in maintaining normal brain function (PubMed:26416544, PubMed:8718889). Has been implicated as the pharmacological target for lithium (Li(+)) action in brain, which is used to treat bipolar affective disorder (PubMed:17068342). Is equally active with 1D-myo-inositol 1-phosphate, 1D-myo-inositol 3-phosphate and D-galactose 1-phosphate (PubMed:9462881). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:17068342, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26416544, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8718889, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9462881}.

2 of the 2 drugs recorded against IMPA1 are approved

Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.

2 small molecule drugs at Approved: LITHIUM CITRATE, LITHIUM CARBONATESmall molecule 2Approved 2

Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

IMPA1: inherited and tumour-mutation evidence across 14 cancers

Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.

Inherited (germline) variantsMutations in tumours (somatic)
00.250.50.751prostate cancerprostate cancergliomagliomatriple-negative breast carcinomatriple-negative breast carcinomamedullary thyroid gland carcinomamedullary thyroid gland carcinomaneuroendocrine neoplasmneuroendocrine neoplasmprostate carcinomaprostate carcinomaFamilial prostate cancerFamilial prostate cancerthyroid gland follicular carcinomathyroid gland follicular carcinomathyroid gland papillary carcinomathyroid gland papillary carcinomabreast carcinomabreast carcinomabreast cancerbreast cancerElsahy-Waters syndromeElsahy-Waters syndromeautosomal recessive faciodigitogenital …autosomal recessive faciodigitogenital syndromenevoid basal cell carcinoma syndromenevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome

Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

Tractability

Small molecule
Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Pocket, Druggable Family
PROTAC
Database Ubiquitination, Half-life Data

gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.6013299822807312 (upper bound 0.8659300208091736). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.

Who runs trials of these drugs

Principal investigators and study chairs on 129 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against IMPA1 (lithium, lithium carbonate), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.

38 of 120 trials of drugs against IMPA1 have sites only in countries outside the US, China, Europe and Japan

Registry trials of lithium, lithium carbonate updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 111 of 120 have all sites in one country.

Sites only in this groupSites here and elsewhere
United StatesUnited States: 32 trials with sites only hereUnited States: 7 trials with sites here and elsewhere39ChinaChina: 6 trials with sites only hereChina: 2 trials with sites here and elsewhere8EuropeEurope: 36 trials with sites only hereEurope: 4 trials with sites here and elsewhere40JapanJapan: 0 trials with sites only hereJapan: 2 trials with sites here and elsewhere2OtherOther: 38 trials with sites only hereOther: 7 trials with sites here and elsewhere45

Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 9 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.

46 trials of drugs against IMPA1 were stopped early; 5 give no reason

Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of lithium, lithium carbonate, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 46.

  • terminated · 2026-11-05 · Dr. Inge Winter · Lithium
    “The site in Israel stopped recruitment due to logistic reasons. Other sites are recruiting for 2023-506602-39-00, 2023-506605-19-00, 2023-506617-21-00.”
  • terminated · 2026-05-13 · Stichting TRICALS Foundation · Lithium Carbonate 400 MG
    “The planned interim analysis showed no survival benefit of taking the drug when compared with placebo.”
  • terminated · 2025-10-23 · Ivoclar Vivadent AG · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Material did not perform accordingly in other clinical trials.”
  • terminated · 2025-09-25 · Negovsky Reanimatology Research Institute · Lithium Carbonate
    “Decision of the local ethics committee”
  • terminated · 2025-07-08 · Cancer Trials Ireland · Lithium
    “Poor accrual and the field has moved on.”
  • terminated · 2025-03-25 · University Hospital, Montpellier · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “no more inclusion”
  • withdrawn · 2024-09-19 · Nova Scotia Health Authority · Lithium
    “recruitment difficulties”
  • terminated · 2024-07-25 · University of Michigan · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Loss of funding due to COVID-19”
  • terminated · 2024-04-29 · VA Office of Research and Development · Lithium
    “terminated early due to non-safety related DMC recommendations”
  • terminated · 2023-04-13 · University of Michigan · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “COVID, loss of funding”
  • withdrawn · 2023-03-01 · Yale University · Ketamine/Lithium
    “No funding”
  • withdrawn · 2021-10-08 · University of British Columbia · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Unable to recruit participants”
  • terminated · 2021-08-12 · University of Michigan · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “COVID shutdown”
  • terminated · 2021-01-29 · Nova Scotia Health Authority · lithium
    “Recruitment difficulties”
  • terminated · 2020-07-10 · Keming Gao · Lithium
    “Lack of funding”
  • terminated · 2020-03-25 · Institut Cancerologie de l'Ouest · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “The study stopped due to a death in the arm control”
  • terminated · 2020-01-10 · Aziende Chimiche Riunite Angelini Francesco S.p.A · Lithium sulphate prolonged-release 660 mg, Lithium carbonate immediate-release 150 mg and 300 mg
    “Sponsor's decision due to slow enrollment rate.”
  • terminated · 2019-12-09 · University of Wisconsin, Madison · Lithium carbonate
    “Budget/Funding”
  • withdrawn · 2019-04-01 · Smith & Nephew, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Business decision”
  • withdrawn · 2018-08-16 · William V. Bobo, M.D. · Lithium
    “Principal Investigator moved to Jacksonville, FL campus.”
  • terminated · 2018-02-28 · Hannover Medical School · Lithium
    No reason given
  • withdrawn · 2018-02-09 · Ewha Womans University · Lithium
    “The research project has been cancelled before any participants were enrolled.”
  • terminated · 2017-08-16 · University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center · Lithium
    “Ran out of funding”
  • terminated · 2017-05-09 · Massachusetts General Hospital · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Lack of enrollment”
  • terminated · 2017-04-20 · Massachusetts General Hospital · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Lack of Enrollment”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for IMPA1's drugs

For lithium, lithium carbonate: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.

Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs

All 2 drugs and clinical candidates as a table

Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.

DrugTypeHighest stageIndicationsSource records
LITHIUM CITRATESmall moleculeapprovalbipolar disorder, bipolar I disorderOpen Targets · ChEMBL
LITHIUM CARBONATESmall moleculephase 4bipolar disorder, bipolar I disorder, major depressive disorder, conduct disorder, depressive disorder, bipolar II disorder, alcohol dependence, major depressive episode, +40 moreOpen Targets · ChEMBL