ITGB1 integrin subunit beta 1
ENSG00000150093 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Integrins alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1 and alpha-11/beta-1 are receptors for collagen. Integrins alpha-1/beta-1 and alpha-2/beta-2 recognize the proline-hydroxylated sequence G-F-P-G- E-R in collagen. Integrins alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-3/beta-1, alpha- 4/beta-1, alpha-5/beta-1, alpha-8/beta-1, alpha-10/beta-1, alpha- 11/beta-1 and alpha-V/beta-1 are receptors for fibronectin. Alpha- 4/beta-1 recognizes one or more domains within the alternatively spliced CS-1 and CS-5 regions of fibronectin. Integrin alpha-5/beta-1 is a receptor for fibrinogen. Integrin alpha-1/beta-1, alpha-2/beta-1, alpha-6/beta-1 and alpha-7/beta-1 are receptors for lamimin. Integrin alpha-6/beta-1 (ITGA6:ITGB1) is present in oocytes and is involved in sperm-egg fusion (By similarity). Integrin alpha-4/beta-1 is a receptor for VCAM1. It recognizes the sequence Q-I-D-S in VCAM1. Integrin alpha- 9/beta-1 is a receptor for VCAM1, cytotactin and osteopontin. It recognizes the sequence A-E-I-D-G-I-E-L in cytotactin. Integrin alpha- 3/beta-1 is a receptor for epiligrin, thrombospondin and CSPG4. Alpha- 3/beta-1 may mediate with LGALS3 the stimulation by CSPG4 of endothelial cells migration. Integrin alpha-V/beta-1 is a receptor for vitronectin. Beta-1 integrins recognize the sequence R-G-D in a wide array of ligands. When associated with alpha-7 integrin, regulates cell adhesion and laminin matrix deposition. Involved in promoting endothelial cell motility and angiogenesis. Involved in osteoblast compaction through the fibronectin fibrillogenesis cell-mediated matrix assembly process and the formation of mineralized bone nodules. May be involved in up-regulation of the activity of kinases such as PKC via binding to KRT1. Together with KRT1 and RACK1, serves as a platform for SRC activation or inactivation. Plays a mechanistic adhesive role during telophase, required for the successful completion of cytokinesis. Integrin alpha-3/beta-1 provides a docking site for FAP (seprase) at invadopodia plasma membranes in a collagen-dependent manner and hence may participate in the adhesion, formation of invadopodia and matrix degradation processes, promoting cell invasion. ITGA4:ITGB1 binds to fractalkine (CX3CL1) and may act as its coreceptor in CX3CR1-dependent fractalkine signaling (PubMed:23125415, PubMed:24789099). ITGA4:ITGB1 and ITGA5:ITGB1 bind to PLA2G2A via a site (site 2) which is distinct from the classical ligand-binding site (site 1) and this induces integrin conformational changes and enhanced ligand binding to site 1 (PubMed:18635536, PubMed:25398877). ITGA5:ITGB1 acts as a receptor for fibrillin-1 (FBN1) and mediates R-G- D-dependent cell adhesion to FBN1 (PubMed:12807887, PubMed:17158881). ITGA5:ITGB1 acts as a receptor for fibronectin FN1 and mediates R-G-D- dependent cell adhesion to FN1 (PubMed:33962943). ITGA5:ITGB1 is a receptor for IL1B and binding is essential for IL1B signaling (PubMed:29030430). ITGA5:ITGB3 is a receptor for soluble CD40LG and is required for CD40/CD40LG signaling (PubMed:31331973). ITGA5:ITGB1 acts as a receptor for SNED1 and mediates R-G-D-dependent cell adhesion to SNED1 (PubMed:39713860). Plays an important role in myoblast differentiation and fusion during skeletal myogenesis (By similarity). ITGA9:ITGB1 may play a crucial role in SVEP1/polydom-mediated myoblast cell adhesion (By similarity). Integrins ITGA9:ITGB1 and ITGA4:ITGB1 repress PRKCA-mediated L-type voltage-gated channel Ca(2+) influx and ROCK-mediated calcium sensitivity in vascular smooth muscle cells via their interaction with SVEP1, thereby inhibit vasocontraction (PubMed:35802072). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P07228, ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P09055, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10455171, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12473654, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12807887, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16256741, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17158881, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18635536, ECO:0000269|PubMed:18804435, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19064666, ECO:0000269|PubMed:21768292, ECO:0000269|PubMed:23125415, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24789099, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25398877, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29030430, ECO:0000269|PubMed:31331973, ECO:0000269|PubMed:33962943, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35802072, ECO:0000269|PubMed:39713860, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7523423}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Advanced Clinical, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, Druggable Family
- Antibody
- Advanced Clinical, UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt loc med conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM, Human Protein Atlas loc
- PROTAC
- UniProt Ubiquitination, Database Ubiquitination, Half-life Data, Small Molecule Binder
- Other modalities
- Advanced Clinical
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.27733999490737915 (upper bound 0.39004001021385193). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 22 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against ITGB1 (natalizumab, volociximab, abituzumab, firategrast, ATN-161), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Bianca Weinstock-GuttmanSUNY Buffalo · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Daniel OntanedaThe Cleveland Clinic · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Francesca BagnatoVanderbilt University Medical Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- George E. GeorgesNorthwestern University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Jeffrey A. CohenMellen Center for MS Treatment and Research, Cleveland Clinic · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Jérôme DE SEZEService de Neurologie HUS hautepierre · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Klaus SchmiererQueen Mary University of London · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Kristen VanHeystUniversity Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Liqun ZhangSt George's University Hospital NHS Foundation Trusts · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Monalisa GhoshUniversity of Michigan Rogel Cancer Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Nikos EvangelouUniversity of Nottingham · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Olaf StuveUniversity of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Paolo A. MuraroDepartment of Medicine, Imperial College London · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Victoria Singh-CurryChelsea and Westminster Hospital Foundation Trust · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Edan GillesRennes University Hospital · 0 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of natalizumab, volociximab, abituzumab, firategrast, ATN-161 updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 18 of 20 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 2 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
29 trials of drugs against ITGB1 were stopped early; 5 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of natalizumab, volociximab, abituzumab, firategrast, ATN-161, RG-7594, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 29.
- terminated · 2026-03-16 · University Hospital, Strasbourg, France · matched by the registry's drug synonymsNo reason given
- terminated · 2025-11-25 · Biogen · Natalizumab“Due to sponsor decision, not for efficacy or safety reasons.”
- withdrawn · 2025-01-15 · Case Comprehensive Cancer Center · Natalizumab“No accruals”
- terminated · 2024-06-21 · Biogen · Natalizumab“Sponsor's decision”
- withdrawn · 2024-06-03 · Biogen · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Sponsor decision to withdraw study at this time.”
- terminated · 2024-06-03 · Biogen · natalizumab“Sponsor's decision.”
- terminated · 2024-04-18 · Vanderbilt University Medical Center · Natalizumab 300 MG in 15 ML Injection“Sponsor declined further support”
- withdrawn · 2022-11-25 · Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Lack on enrollment”
- withdrawn · 2020-03-18 · SFJ Pharmaceuticals X, LTD. · abituzumab“Co-development decision”
- terminated · 2019-09-27 · Biogen · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Study terminated in line with Biogen decision to withdraw Zinbryta from the market and not to pursue further studies of daclizumab in MS.”
- terminated · 2019-06-18 · EMD Serono Research & Development Institute, Inc. · Abituzumab 1500 mg, Abituzumab 500 mg“Difficulties experienced in identifying participants who meet the eligibility criteria of the trial.”
- terminated · 2017-09-11 · Biogen · natalizumab“The ASCEND Study did not achieve statistical significance on the primary or secondary endpoints.”
- terminated · 2017-06-09 · Biogen · natalizumab“Business Decision”
- terminated · 2017-06-05 · Biogen · natalizumab“Business Decision”
- withdrawn · 2016-12-29 · University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“sponsor stopped”
- terminated · 2016-07-18 · Biogen · natalizumab“The biological effect seen with natalizumab was not sufficient to warrant further development in RA.”
- terminated · 2016-07-15 · Biogen · NatalizumabNo reason given
- withdrawn · 2016-06-16 · Biogen · natalizumab“Study sponsor decided to withdraw the current study prior to enrollment of first participant.”
- terminated · 2016-06-16 · Biogen · natalizumab“The biological effect seen with natalizumab was not sufficient to warrant further development in RA.”
- terminated · 2014-09-19 · Biogen · BG00002 (natalizumab)“Sponsor decision due to low enrollment and not safety concerns.”
- terminated · 2014-09-05 · Biogen · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“This study was stopped prematurely due to lack of enrollment within a 1-5-year period.”
- terminated · 2014-09-03 · Biogen · BG00002 (natalizumab)“Due to significantly slower than expected enrollment, the Sponsor decided to terminate the study.”
- terminated · 2014-08-08 · Novartis Pharmaceuticals · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Based on recent publications, determination of natalizumub washout period was no longer relevant.”
- terminated · 2014-01-22 · Claudio Gobbi · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Problems to recruit the needed number of patients in the planned time”
- terminated · 2012-11-12 · University Hospital, Strasbourg, France · matched by the registry's drug synonymsNo reason given
Paediatric incentives and obligations for ITGB1's drugs
For natalizumab, volociximab, abituzumab, firategrast, ATN-161, RG-7594: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · ITGB1 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-001095-PIP03-19 (natalizumab, Treatment of multiple sclerosis): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 18 Mar 2020; EMEA-001095-PIP02-12 (natalizumab, Treatment of multiple sclerosis): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 19 Oct 2012; compliance positive 16 Dec 2016Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: no · No EU orphan designation names natalizumab, volociximab, abituzumab, firategrast, atn-161, rg-7594Rule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Tyruko: authorised since 22 Sept 2023; Tysabri: authorised since 27 Jun 2006; Natalizumab Elan Pharma: refusedRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of natalizumab, volociximab, abituzumab, firategrast, atn-161, rg-7594Rule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 4 interventional studies of natalizumab, volociximab, abituzumab, firategrast, atn-161, rg-7594 include patients under 18; 0 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 6 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.