P2RY12 purinergic receptor P2Y12
ENSG00000169313 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Receptor for ADP and ATP coupled to G proteins that inhibit the adenylyl cyclase second messenger system. Not activated by UDP and UTP. Required for normal platelet aggregation and blood coagulation. {ECO:0000269|PubMed:11104774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11196645, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11502873, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12578987, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24670650, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24784220}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, Druggable Family
- Antibody
- UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- PROTAC
- Small Molecule Binder
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.6714000105857849 (upper bound 1.7352999448776245). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 329 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against P2RY12 (cangrelor tetrasodium, prasugrel, ticlopidine, cangrelor, clopidogrel bisulfate, selatogrel, elinogrel, regrelor), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- mohamed G. Zeinhomneurology department kafr el-sheikh university · 16 of 16 trials Phase 2+
- Dominick J AngiolilloUniversity of Florida College of Medicine - Jacksonville · 5 of 5 trials Phase 2+
- Joo-Yong HahnSamsung Medical Center · 4 of 5 trials Phase 2+
- Hyo-Soo KimSeoul National University Hospital · 4 of 4 trials Phase 2+
- Yongjun WangBeijing Tiantan Hospital · 3 of 4 trials Phase 2+
- Francesco FranchiUnivesrsity of Florida · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Takeshi KimuraKyoto University, Graduate School of Medicine · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Xiangbin PanNational Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Abdul HakeemNICVD · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Braxton D MitchellUniversity of Maryland · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Brian BuckUniversity of Alberta · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Cai De JinZunyi Medical College · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Chuanzhi DuanSouthern Medical University, China · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Fang LiuChildren's Hospital of Fudan University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- In-Ho ChaeSeoul National University Bundang Hospital · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of cangrelor tetrasodium, prasugrel, ticlopidine, cangrelor, clopidogrel bisulfate, selatogrel, elinogrel, regrelor updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 284 of 308 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 21 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
110 trials of drugs against P2RY12 were stopped early; 13 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of cangrelor tetrasodium, prasugrel, ticlopidine, cangrelor, clopidogrel bisulfate, selatogrel, elinogrel, regrelor, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 110.
- terminated · 2026-10-22 · Odense University Hospital · Short duration of aspirin and prasugrel, Conventional duration of aspirin and prasugrel“Insufficient drug supply (prasugrel)”
- suspended · 2026-09-25 · Fondation Ophtalmologique Adolphe de Rothschild · Cangrelor“The study was terminated prematurely due to futility based on a pre-specified interim analysis, awaiting for the last visit of the last patient”
- terminated · 2026-07-30 · University Hospital, Bordeaux · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“target number of inclusion not reached”
- terminated · 2026-07-06 · Marissa Jarosinski · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Poor recruitment”
- terminated · 2026-06-24 · Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Administrative reasons.”
- terminated · 2026-06-22 · University Hospital, Bordeaux · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“target number of subjects not reached”
- terminated · 2026-06-09 · W.L.Gore & Associates · Thienopyridine (clopidogrel or prasugrel)“Dissatisfactory enrollment rate with no safety concerns”
- terminated · 2026-05-06 · Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Testing supplies unavailable.”
- withdrawn · 2025-11-25 · Sino Medical Sciences Technology Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Subgroup analysis based on the main study (NCT05692882), not registered separately.”
- terminated · 2025-06-22 · Imperial College London · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The trial failed to meet the milestones in the internal pilot of feasibility. The trial was redesigned to improve its deliverability and reduce burden to sites prior to being relaunched. Unfortunately, the trial failed to sufficiently recruit.”
- terminated · 2025-05-18 · Samsung Medical Center · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Ending early registration due to low registration status and lack of research”
- terminated · 2024-12-27 · National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The trial was terminated at the planned interim analysis for futility on July 18, 2023.”
- terminated · 2024-12-27 · HonorHealth Research Institute · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The DSMC March 16, 2022 reviewed of Interim Analysis and recommendation due to no glaring outcomes found to date.”
- suspended · 2024-09-26 · St. Joseph's Hospital and Medical Center, Phoenix · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Sponsor has suspended the study and is not enrolling any new participants. It is due to funding unavailability.”
- terminated · 2024-08-20 · University Hospital, Strasbourg, France · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“not enough patients”
- terminated · 2024-04-25 · Academisch Medisch Centrum - Universiteit van Amsterdam (AMC-UvA) · matched by the registry's drug synonymsNo reason given
- terminated · 2024-04-23 · Coherex Medical · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Study closed due to device design modifications.”
- terminated · 2024-04-22 · Samsung Medical Center · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“cannot use bioabsorbable scaffold”
- terminated · 2023-09-08 · Dexa Medica Group · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The investigational cases were no longer relevant considering the recent implementation of our current national healthcare system.”
- terminated · 2023-08-04 · Portola Pharmaceuticals · Elinogrel“For administrative reasons. Enrollment was sufficient to have statistical power without compromising the integrity of the study data”
- terminated · 2023-02-23 · Insel Gruppe AG, University Hospital Bern · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Device was withdrawn from the market”
- terminated · 2023-01-18 · Imperial College London · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Difficulty in recruiting eligible participants”
- withdrawn · 2022-05-27 · University of Alberta · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Could not get study started”
- terminated · 2022-05-09 · University Hospital, Lille · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Recruitment difficulties”
- terminated · 2022-03-16 · University of Maryland, Baltimore · prasugrel“Terminated by study sponsor.”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for P2RY12's drugs
For cangrelor tetrasodium, prasugrel, ticlopidine, cangrelor, clopidogrel bisulfate, selatogrel, elinogrel, regrelor: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · P2RY12 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMA/PE/0000239079 (cangrelor (tetrasodium), Prevention of non-site-specific embolism and thrombosis): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 16 Apr 2025; EMEA-002967-PIP01-21 (selatogrel, Treatment of acute myocardial infarction): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 7 Jul 2021; EMEA-002071-PIP01-16 (prasugrel (hydrochloride);acetylsalicylic acid, Prevention of thromboembolic events): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 11 Apr 2017Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: no · No EU orphan designation names cangrelor tetrasodium, prasugrel, ticlopidine, cangrelor, clopidogrel bisulfate, selatogrel, elinogrel, regrelorRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Prasugrel Viatris (previously Prasugrel Mylan): authorised since 15 May 2018; Kengrexal: authorised since 23 Mar 2015; Efient: authorised since 24 Feb 2009Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of cangrelor tetrasodium, prasugrel, ticlopidine, cangrelor, clopidogrel bisulfate, selatogrel, elinogrel, regrelorRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 50 interventional studies of cangrelor tetrasodium, prasugrel, ticlopidine, cangrelor, clopidogrel bisulfate, selatogrel, elinogrel, regrelor include patients under 18; 12 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 12 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.