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Colorectal cancer

MSI-H immunotherapy, BRAF V600E, HER2 and KRAS G12C combinations.

Live from Open Targets Platform, fetched 2026-11-11 15:24 UTC. Every row links to its source record.
Targets linked to colorectal cancer
16,268
the top 50 by overall evidence are shown
With inherited (germline) evidence
38
of the top 50, score above 0.1
Strong genetics, few drugs
30
genetic evidence 0.5 or more, drug evidence under 0.5
30 of the top 50 colorectal cancer targets have strong human genetic evidence but little drug evidence so far

Each dot is one target. Higher means stronger genetic evidence in people (inherited variants or tumour mutations, whichever is stronger). Further right means more evidence from drugs already in trials or approved.

Has inherited (germline) evidence above 0.1Tumour (somatic) or other evidence only
000.250.250.50.50.750.7511Drug evidence (trials and approvals) →Human genetic evidence →Genetics strong, few drugs: open betsGenetics strong, drugs in the clinicDrugs in the clinic, weaker geneticsMSH2: genetic evidence 0.98 (germline 0.98, somatic 0.91), drug evidence 0.00MLH1: genetic evidence 0.95 (germline 0.95, somatic 0.93), drug evidence 0.00MSH6: genetic evidence 0.97 (germline 0.97, somatic 0.90), drug evidence 0.00PMS2: genetic evidence 0.94 (germline 0.94, somatic 0.79), drug evidence 0.00APC: genetic evidence 0.92 (germline 0.92, somatic 0.91), drug evidence 0.00BRAF: genetic evidence 0.85 (germline 0.77, somatic 0.85), drug evidence 0.95TP53: genetic evidence 0.93 (germline 0.92, somatic 0.93), drug evidence 0.11PIK3CA: genetic evidence 0.92 (germline 0.77, somatic 0.92), drug evidence 0.19KRAS: genetic evidence 0.94 (germline 0.70, somatic 0.94), drug evidence 0.60EPCAM: genetic evidence 0.82 (germline 0.82, somatic 0.00), drug evidence 0.80SMAD4: genetic evidence 0.88 (germline 0.74, somatic 0.88), drug evidence 0.00FBXO11: genetic evidence 0.97 (germline 0.97, somatic 0.89), drug evidence 0.00ATM: genetic evidence 0.85 (germline 0.85, somatic 0.84), drug evidence 0.00MUTYH: genetic evidence 0.82 (germline 0.82, somatic 0.80), drug evidence 0.00EGFR: genetic evidence 0.62 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.62), drug evidence 0.98FGFR2: genetic evidence 0.71 (germline 0.71, somatic 0.68), drug evidence 0.96POLE: genetic evidence 0.88 (germline 0.81, somatic 0.88), drug evidence 0.58TCF7L2: genetic evidence 0.89 (germline 0.65, somatic 0.89), drug evidence 0.00FBXW7: genetic evidence 0.93 (germline 0.55, somatic 0.93), drug evidence 0.00POLD1: genetic evidence 0.87 (germline 0.65, somatic 0.87), drug evidence 0.58FLT4: genetic evidence 0.76 (germline 0.20, somatic 0.76), drug evidence 0.97ERBB2: genetic evidence 0.81 (germline 0.74, somatic 0.81), drug evidence 0.85KDR: genetic evidence 0.76 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.76), drug evidence 0.97FGFR3: genetic evidence 0.90 (germline 0.90, somatic 0.68), drug evidence 0.82BRCA2: genetic evidence 0.89 (germline 0.79, somatic 0.89), drug evidence 0.00AMER1: genetic evidence 0.91 (germline 0.77, somatic 0.91), drug evidence 0.00NTRK1: genetic evidence 0.87 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.87), drug evidence 0.95EP300: genetic evidence 0.85 (germline 0.85, somatic 0.81), drug evidence 0.00ARID1A: genetic evidence 0.85 (germline 0.68, somatic 0.85), drug evidence 0.00NRAS: genetic evidence 0.85 (germline 0.85, somatic 0.78), drug evidence 0.00CHEK2: genetic evidence 0.86 (germline 0.86, somatic 0.84), drug evidence 0.08AXIN2: genetic evidence 0.87 (germline 0.87, somatic 0.82), drug evidence 0.00KIT: genetic evidence 0.88 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.88), drug evidence 0.96FLCN: genetic evidence 0.90 (germline 0.90, somatic 0.82), drug evidence 0.00RET: genetic evidence 0.66 (germline 0.55, somatic 0.66), drug evidence 0.95LRRFIP2: genetic evidence 0.96 (germline 0.96, somatic 0.87), drug evidence 0.00TGFBR2: genetic evidence 0.80 (germline 0.74, somatic 0.80), drug evidence 0.00FGFR1: genetic evidence 0.83 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.83), drug evidence 0.96CTNNB1: genetic evidence 0.77 (germline 0.77, somatic 0.68), drug evidence 0.14PDGFRB: genetic evidence 0.81 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.81), drug evidence 0.96RAF1: genetic evidence 0.84 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.84), drug evidence 0.95AKT1: genetic evidence 0.62 (germline 0.31, somatic 0.62), drug evidence 0.49PDGFRA: genetic evidence 0.69 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.69), drug evidence 0.96MLH3: genetic evidence 0.93 (germline 0.93, somatic 0.55), drug evidence 0.00ABL1: genetic evidence 0.69 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.69), drug evidence 0.95SMAD3: genetic evidence 0.80 (germline 0.55, somatic 0.80), drug evidence 0.00DDR2: genetic evidence 0.67 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.67), drug evidence 0.95PIK3R1: genetic evidence 0.84 (germline 0.55, somatic 0.84), drug evidence 0.17GNAS: genetic evidence 0.85 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.85), drug evidence 0.00SMAD2: genetic evidence 0.87 (germline 0.00, somatic 0.87), drug evidence 0.00MSH2APCTP53PIK3CAKRASEPCAMSMAD4MUTYHEGFRPOLEPOLD1FLT4ERBB2FGFR3CHEK2KITCTNNB1AKT1ABL1PIK3R1

Scores run from 0 to 1 and are Open Targets' summary of how much evidence exists, not the chance a drug will work. The dividing lines sit at 0.5. Hover a dot for its numbers, click it for the target's page. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

Where the genetics points and the pipeline has not gone yet

The 30 targets in the top-left of the chart, strongest genetic evidence first. Click one for its drugs, tractability and other cancers.

MSH2 0.98MSH6 0.97FBXO11 0.97LRRFIP2 0.96MLH1 0.95PMS2 0.94TP53 0.93PedsFBXW7 0.93MLH3 0.93PIK3CA 0.92PedsAPC 0.92AMER1 0.91FLCN 0.90BRCA2 0.89TCF7L2 0.89SMAD4 0.88AXIN2 0.87SMAD2 0.87CHEK2 0.86NRAS 0.85ARID1A 0.85EP300 0.85GNAS 0.85ATM 0.85PedsPIK3R1 0.84MUTYH 0.82TGFBR2 0.80SMAD3 0.80CTNNB1 0.77PedsAKT1 0.62

All 50 targets, by type of evidence

Ranked by overall score for colorectal cancer on the Open Targets Platform. Darker cells mean stronger evidence of that type.

Peds RMTLmarks the 12 of these targets on the FDA's Pediatric Relevant Molecular Target List: a drug against one of them can be required to be studied in children under the RACE for Children Act.

TargetOverallGermline geneticsSomaticRNA expr.genetic literaturePathwaysLiteratureAnimal modelsClinical
MSH2
mutS homolog 2
0.920.980.91
MLH1
mutL homolog 1
0.920.950.93
MSH6
mutS homolog 6
0.920.970.90
PMS2
PMS1 homolog 2, mismatch repair system component
0.880.940.79
APC
APC regulator of Wnt signaling pathway
0.880.920.91
BRAFPeds RMTL
B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
0.840.770.85
TP53Peds RMTL
tumor protein p53
0.830.920.93
PIK3CAPeds RMTL
phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase catalytic subunit alpha
0.820.770.92
KRAS
KRas proto-oncogene, GTPase
0.810.700.94
EPCAM
epithelial cell adhesion molecule
0.800.82–
SMAD4
SMAD family member 4
0.790.740.88
FBXO11
F-box protein 11
0.790.970.89
ATMPeds RMTL
ATM serine/threonine kinase
0.780.850.84
MUTYH
mutY DNA glycosylase
0.780.820.80
EGFRPeds RMTL
epidermal growth factor receptor
0.77–0.62
FGFR2
fibroblast growth factor receptor 2
0.770.710.68
POLE
DNA polymerase epsilon, catalytic subunit
0.770.810.88
TCF7L2
transcription factor 7 like 2
0.760.650.89
FBXW7
F-box and WD repeat domain containing 7
0.760.550.93
POLD1
DNA polymerase delta 1, catalytic subunit
0.760.650.87
FLT4
fms related receptor tyrosine kinase 4
0.750.200.76
ERBB2Peds RMTL
erb-b2 receptor tyrosine kinase 2
0.750.740.81
KDR
kinase insert domain receptor
0.75–0.76
FGFR3
fibroblast growth factor receptor 3
0.750.900.68
BRCA2
BRCA2 DNA repair associated
0.750.790.89
AMER1
APC membrane recruitment protein 1
0.750.770.91
NTRK1
neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1
0.74–0.87
EP300
EP300 lysine acetyltransferase
0.740.850.81
ARID1A
AT-rich interaction domain 1A
0.740.680.85
NRAS
NRAS proto-oncogene, GTPase
0.740.850.78
CHEK2
checkpoint kinase 2
0.740.860.84
AXIN2
axin 2
0.730.870.82
KITPeds RMTL
KIT proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase
0.73–0.88
FLCN
folliculin
0.730.900.82
RETPeds RMTL
ret proto-oncogene
0.730.550.66
LRRFIP2
LRR binding FLII interacting protein 2
0.720.960.87
TGFBR2
transforming growth factor beta receptor 2
0.720.740.80
FGFR1
fibroblast growth factor receptor 1
0.72–0.83
CTNNB1Peds RMTL
catenin beta 1
0.720.770.68
PDGFRBPeds RMTL
platelet derived growth factor receptor beta
0.72–0.81
RAF1
Raf-1 proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase
0.72–0.84
AKT1
AKT serine/threonine kinase 1
0.700.310.62
PDGFRAPeds RMTL
platelet derived growth factor receptor alpha
0.70–0.69
MLH3
mutL homolog 3
0.700.930.55
ABL1Peds RMTL
ABL proto-oncogene 1, non-receptor tyrosine kinase
0.69–0.69
SMAD3
SMAD family member 3
0.690.550.80
DDR2
discoidin domain receptor tyrosine kinase 2
0.68–0.67
PIK3R1
phosphoinositide-3-kinase regulatory subunit 1
0.680.550.84
GNAS
GNAS complex locus
0.67–0.85
SMAD2
SMAD family member 2
0.67–0.87

52 biomarkers in Colorectal cancer have validated or clinical evidence in CIViC

Accepted evidence from CIViC, the open (CC0) expert-curated knowledgebase, searched by the disease name “Colorectal Cancer”. Level A is validated (for example in guidelines or an approval), level B comes from clinical trials or studies. 355 accepted items exist; the first 100 were read. This is the published evidence, not treatment advice.