CD19 CD19 molecule
ENSG00000177455 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Functions as a coreceptor for the B-cell antigen receptor complex (BCR) on B-lymphocytes (PubMed:29523808). Decreases the threshold for activation of downstream signaling pathways and for triggering B-cell responses to antigens (PubMed:1373518, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:2463100). Activates signaling pathways that lead to the activation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase and the mobilization of intracellular Ca(2+) stores (PubMed:12387743, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:9317126, PubMed:9382888). Is not required for early steps during B cell differentiation in the blood marrow (PubMed:9317126). Required for normal differentiation of B-1 cells (By similarity). Required for normal B cell differentiation and proliferation in response to antigen challenges (PubMed:1373518, PubMed:2463100). Required for normal levels of serum immunoglobulins, and for production of high-affinity antibodies in response to antigen challenge (PubMed:12387743, PubMed:16672701, PubMed:9317126). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P25918, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12387743, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1373518, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16672701, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2463100, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29523808, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9317126, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9382888}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Antibody
- Approved Drug, UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- PROTAC
- Half-life Data
- Other modalities
- Approved Drug
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.4581499993801117 (upper bound 0.6153900027275085). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 343 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against CD19 (tisagenlecleucel, obecabtagene autoleucel, tafasitamab, brexucabtagene autoleucel, loncastuximab tesirine, lisocabtagene maraleucel, inebilizumab, axicabtagene ciloleucel, blinatumomab, obexelimab, MDX-1342, oncolysin b), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Elias JabbourM.D. Anderson Cancer Center · 9 of 9 trials Phase 2+Ph2NCT03263572 · Blinatumomab, Methotrexate, Cytarabine, and Ponatinib in Treating Patients With Philadelphia Chromosome-Positive, or BCR-ABL Positive, or Relapsed/Refractory, Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemiabrief
- Bristol-Myers SquibbBristol-Myers Squibb · 6 of 7 trials Phase 2+Ph1/Ph2NCT03331198 · Study Evaluating Safety and Efficacy of JCAR017 in Subjects With Relapsed or Refractory Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) or Small Lymphocytic Lymphoma (SLL)brief
- Jason WestinM.D. Anderson Cancer Center · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+Ph2NCT06213311 · A Study of Axicabtagene Ciloleucel and Glofitamab as Second-Line Therapy for Relapsed or Refractory Patients With Large B Cell Lymphomabrief
- Nicola GoekbugetJohann Wolfgang Goethe University Hospital · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+Ph2NCT03480438 · Treatment of Older Patients With B-precursor ALL With Sequential Dose Reduced Chemotherapy and Blinatumomabbrief
- Suning ChenThe First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University Principal Investigator · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Xiaofan ZhuInstitute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, CAMS & PUMC · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Brandon TriplettSt. Jude Children's Research Hospital · 2 of 3 trials Phase 2+Ph2NCT03849651 · TCRαβ-depleted Progenitor Cell Graft With Additional Memory T-cell DLI, Plus Selected Use of Blinatumomab, in Naive T-cell Depleted Haploidentical Donor Hematopoietc Cell Transplantation for Hematologic Malignanciesbrief
- Narendranath EpperlaHuntsman Cancer Institute · 2 of 3 trials Phase 2+Ph1/Ph2NCT07573436 · Loncastuximab Tesirine and Rituximab as First-line Therapy in Patients With Post-transplant Lymphoproliferative Disorder (PLUTO)brief
- Anjali S AdvaniSWOG Network Cancer Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Bhagirathbhai DholariaVanderbilt University/Ingram Cancer Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- General ManagerTanabe Pharma Corporation · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Mariana Bastos-OreiroHospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañon · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Michael JainMoffitt Cancer Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Oliver ManzkeIncyte Corporation · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Paolo StratiM.D. Anderson Cancer Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of tisagenlecleucel, obecabtagene autoleucel, tafasitamab, brexucabtagene autoleucel, loncastuximab tesirine, lisocabtagene maraleucel, inebilizumab, axicabtagene ciloleucel, blinatumomab, obexelimab, MDX-1342, oncolysin b updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 217 of 321 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 22 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
63 trials of drugs against CD19 were stopped early; 3 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of tisagenlecleucel, obecabtagene autoleucel, tafasitamab, brexucabtagene autoleucel, loncastuximab tesirine, lisocabtagene maraleucel, inebilizumab, axicabtagene ciloleucel, blinatumomab, obexelimab, MDX-1342, oncolysin b, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 63.
- suspended · 2026-11-04 · Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota · Tisagenlecleucel, Axicabtagene Ciloleucel, Lisocabtagene Maraleucel Intravenous Suspension“Accrual met”
- terminated · 2026-10-16 · Nektar Therapeutics · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Sponsor decided to end the study”
- suspended · 2026-10-08 · M.D. Anderson Cancer Center · Blinatumomab“PI requested”
- suspended · 2026-09-11 · Fred Hutchinson Cancer Center · Lisocabtagene Maraleucel“Insufficient funding”
- withdrawn · 2026-07-22 · University of Pennsylvania · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Lack of Eligible Subjects”
- terminated · 2026-07-20 · ADC Therapeutics S.A. · Loncastuximab Tesirine“This decision to close the study was made following interactions with regulatory authorities and in consideration of the challenges associated with this patient population. No safety information contributed to this decision.”
- terminated · 2026-06-15 · University of Washington · Loncastuximab Tesirine“The trial closed early due to slow accrual.”
- withdrawn · 2026-04-07 · Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · Tafasitamab“Lack of accrual”
- withdrawn · 2026-03-18 · Juno Therapeutics, Inc., a Bristol-Myers Squibb Company · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Replaced with another clinical trial.”
- terminated · 2026-03-10 · Kite, A Gilead Company · Brexucabtagene Autoleucel“Sponsor decision to terminate study.”
- terminated · 2026-03-06 · Imugene Limited · Blinatumomab“Portfolio prioritization”
- terminated · 2026-02-27 · Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center · Axicabtagene Ciloleucel“slow accrual”
- terminated · 2026-02-04 · Incyte Corporation · tafasitamab“A business decision was made to discontinue further enrollment. There were no safety concerns that contributed to this decision.”
- suspended · 2025-11-13 · City of Hope Medical Center · Tafasitamab“pending funding”
- withdrawn · 2025-10-03 · Karyopharm Therapeutics Inc · Tafasitamab“Sponsor decision”
- terminated · 2025-09-05 · Pfizer · Tafasitamab“The trial terminated due to the inability to recruit the planned number of subjects. The decision was not based on any safety and/or efficacy concerns”
- terminated · 2025-09-04 · Universität Münster · Axicabtagene Ciloleucel“Funder of the study terminated contract”
- terminated · 2025-05-25 · Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center · Tafasitamab“Slow accrual rate”
- terminated · 2025-05-23 · Massachusetts General Hospital · Blinatumomab“Study closed early due to slow accrual”
- terminated · 2025-05-18 · Amgen · Blinatumomab“The decision to terminate is not based on safety or efficacy but due to slow enrollment impacting the ability to complete the study as planned.”
- terminated · 2025-05-13 · Michael Burke · Blinatumomab“poor accrual”
- terminated · 2025-01-30 · ADC Therapeutics S.A. · Loncastuximab Tesirine“The benefit-risk profile does not support continuation of the LOTIS-9 trial.”
- withdrawn · 2024-11-12 · University Health Network, Toronto · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“recruitment challenges and sites who initially expressed interest declined.”
- terminated · 2024-07-24 · IGM Biosciences, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Strategic Pipeline Prioritization: Clinical development of imvotamab in autoimmune diseases prioritized.”
- terminated · 2024-06-28 · Kite, A Gilead Company · Axicabtagene Ciloleucel“Development program terminated”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for CD19's drugs
For tisagenlecleucel, obecabtagene autoleucel, tafasitamab, brexucabtagene autoleucel, loncastuximab tesirine, lisocabtagene maraleucel, inebilizumab, axicabtagene ciloleucel, blinatumomab, obexelimab, MDX-1342, oncolysin b: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: yes · CD19 is on the list. Membership alone neither requires nor waives a pediatric study.Rule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMA/PE/0000252649 (inebilizumab, Treatment of immunoglobulin G4-related disease): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 10 Jul 2025; EMA/PE/0000221213 (blinatumomab, Treatment of B-lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 3 Jan 2025; EMEA-002499-PIP03-24 (tafasitamab, Treatment of mature B-cell neoplasms excluding diffuse large B-cell lymphoma): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 13 Sept 2024; EMA/PE/0000253573 (inebilizumab, Treatment of myasthenia gravis): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 10 Jul 2025; +12 moreRule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/22/2605 withdrawn 13 Apr 2022: Treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia; EU/3/25/3027 positive 26 Feb 2025: Treatment of follicular lymphoma; EU/3/21/2481 withdrawn 20 Aug 2021: Treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; EU/3/14/1393 positive 16 Dec 2014: Treatment of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma; +20 moreRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Blincyto: authorised since 23 Nov 2015, orphan medicine; Zynlonta: authorised since 20 Dec 2022, conditional; Kymriah: authorised since 23 Aug 2018, orphan medicine; Breyanzi: authorised since 4 Apr 2022; +5 moreRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: yes · Tisagenlecleucel [Kymriah], 30 Aug 2017: Treatment of patients up to 25 years of age with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory or in second or later relapse; Blinatumomab [Blincyto], 14 Jun 2024: Treatment of CD19-positive Philadelphia chromosome-negative B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in the consolidation phase of multiphase chemotherapy in adult and pediatric patients one month and older; Blinatumomab [Blincyto], 29 Mar 2018: Treatment of CD19-positive B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in first or second complete remission with minimal residual disease (MRD) greater than or equal to 0.1% in adult and pediatric patients one month and older; +1 moreRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-11
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 98 interventional studies of tisagenlecleucel, obecabtagene autoleucel, tafasitamab, brexucabtagene autoleucel, loncastuximab tesirine, lisocabtagene maraleucel, inebilizumab, axicabtagene ciloleucel, blinatumomab, obexelimab, mdx-1342, oncolysin b include patients under 18; 71 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-11
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 14 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.