IL5 interleukin 5
ENSG00000113525 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Homodimeric cytokine expressed predominantly by T-lymphocytes and NK cells that plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, and chemotaxis of eosinophils (PubMed:2653458, PubMed:9010276). Also acts on activated and resting B-cells to induce immunoglobulin production, growth, and differentiation (By similarity). Mechanistically, exerts its biological effects through a receptor composed of IL5RA subunit and the cytokine receptor common subunit beta/CSF2RB (PubMed:1495999, PubMed:22528658). Binding to the receptor leads to activation of various kinases including LYN, SYK and JAK2 and thereby propagates signals through the RAS-MAPK and JAK-STAT5 pathways respectively (PubMed:7613138). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04401, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1495999, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22528658, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2653458, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7613138, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9010276}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Antibody
- Approved Drug, UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- PROTAC
- Small Molecule Binder
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.7379500269889832 (upper bound 1.1956000328063965). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 58 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against IL5 (depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Christian von BuchwaldRigshospitalet, Dept. of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery & Audiology · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Parameswaran NairAssociate Professor of Medicine,Division of Respirology, McMaster University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Amy D KlionNational Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Chao GaoXijing Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Christian PedersenDepartment of ORL, Head and Neck Surgery & Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Christopher BrightlingUniversity of Leicester · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Gilles DevouassouxDepartement of Pulmonology, Croix-Rousse Hospital, Hospices Civils de Lyon · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Grace ParragaRobarts Research Institute, The University of Western Ontario · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Huabin LiEye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Imran SatiaMcMaster University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Ling TaoXijing Hospital · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Loic GUILLEVINAssistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Martin Yvon DesrosiersCentre hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal (CHUM) · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Michael WechslerNational Jewish Health, 1400 Jackson St Denver, CO 80206 · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Neil GreeningUniversity of Leicester · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 37 of 55 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 3 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
8 trials of drugs against IL5 were stopped early
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 8 most recent of 8.
- withdrawn · 2024-11-20 · Mayo Clinic · Mepolizumab“Funding lost from Sponsor.”
- terminated · 2024-04-16 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · mepolizumab“Study was closed after the first five participants completed their participation due to lack of efficacy.”
- terminated · 2022-12-14 · Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. · reslizumab“Parent Studies didn't meet their primary endpoint so study was terminated.”
- terminated · 2021-11-09 · Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. · Reslizumab“The study was terminated early due to challenges in recruitment. The decision to terminate the study was not related to any safety issues or concerns.”
- terminated · 2020-02-25 · GlaxoSmithKline · Mepolizumab 100 mg, Placebo matching mepolizumab“Study reached pre-determined futility criteria following interim analysis. No safety concerns were noted.”
- terminated · 2017-07-13 · Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz · Mepolizumab“recruitment problems”
- terminated · 2017-07-07 · GlaxoSmithKline · mepolizumab“Study terminated by sponsor (29 Sep 2010). Subjects eligible to continue mepolizumab treatment were transferred into the compassionate use program (MHE104317)”
- terminated · 2016-06-06 · Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. · Reslizumab“Business decision”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for IL5's drugs
For depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · IL5 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-000069-PIP01-07-M09 (Mepolizumab, Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 25 Oct 2024; EMEA-003051-PIP05-22 (depemokimab, Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 6 Feb 2023; EMEA-003051-PIP04-22 (depemokimab, Treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 30 Dec 2023; EMEA-003051-PIP01-21 (depemokimab, Treatment of nasal polyposis): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 29 Oct 2021; +4 moreRule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/13/1116 withdrawn 12 Mar 2013: Treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome; EU/3/04/213 withdrawn 29 Jul 2004: Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndromeRule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Nucala: authorised since 1 Dec 2015; Exdensur: authorised since 12 Feb 2026; Cinqaero: authorised since 15 Aug 2016; Bosatria: application withdrawn, orphan medicineRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumabRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 37 interventional studies of depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab include patients under 18; 2 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 3 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.