OncoSignal
Live from Open Targets Platform, fetched 2026-11-12 05:50 UTC. Every row links to its source record.

IL5 interleukin 5

ENSG00000113525 · protein coding · Open Targets profile

Homodimeric cytokine expressed predominantly by T-lymphocytes and NK cells that plays an important role in the survival, differentiation, and chemotaxis of eosinophils (PubMed:2653458, PubMed:9010276). Also acts on activated and resting B-cells to induce immunoglobulin production, growth, and differentiation (By similarity). Mechanistically, exerts its biological effects through a receptor composed of IL5RA subunit and the cytokine receptor common subunit beta/CSF2RB (PubMed:1495999, PubMed:22528658). Binding to the receptor leads to activation of various kinases including LYN, SYK and JAK2 and thereby propagates signals through the RAS-MAPK and JAK-STAT5 pathways respectively (PubMed:7613138). {ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:P04401, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1495999, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22528658, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2653458, ECO:0000269|PubMed:7613138, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9010276}.

3 of the 3 drugs recorded against IL5 are approved

Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.

3 antibody drugs at Approved: DEPEMOKIMAB, MEPOLIZUMAB, RESLIZUMABAntibody 3Approved 3

Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

In 6 of 15 cancers, the evidence for IL5 comes mainly from inherited variants

Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.

Inherited (germline) variantsMutations in tumours (somatic)
00.250.50.751nasal cavity polypnasal cavity polypnasal cavity polyp: germline 0.08breast carcinomabreast carcinomabreast carcinoma: germline 0.12non-small cell lung carcinomanon-small cell lung carcinomaacute myeloid leukemiaacute myeloid leukemiaurinary bladder carcinomaurinary bladder carcinomaplasma cell myelomaplasma cell myelomaurinary bladder cancerurinary bladder cancerhepatocellular carcinomahepatocellular carcinomapolyppolypbreast cancerbreast cancerbreast cancer: germline 0.03lobular neoplasialobular neoplasiaDupuytren ContractureDupuytren ContractureDupuytren Contracture: germline 0.06benign prostatic hyperplasiabenign prostatic hyperplasiabenign prostatic hyperplasia: germline 0.06gastric cancergastric cancerB-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaB-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemiaB-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia: germline 0.06

Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

Tractability

Antibody
Approved Drug, UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
PROTAC
Small Molecule Binder

gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.7379500269889832 (upper bound 1.1956000328063965). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.

Who runs trials of these drugs

Principal investigators and study chairs on 58 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against IL5 (depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.

14 of 55 trials of drugs against IL5 have sites only in Europe

Registry trials of depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 37 of 55 have all sites in one country.

Sites only in this groupSites here and elsewhere
United StatesUnited States: 8 trials with sites only hereUnited States: 18 trials with sites here and elsewhere26ChinaChina: 6 trials with sites only hereChina: 10 trials with sites here and elsewhere16EuropeEurope: 14 trials with sites only hereEurope: 18 trials with sites here and elsewhere32JapanJapan: 2 trials with sites only hereJapan: 12 trials with sites here and elsewhere14OtherOther: 7 trials with sites only hereOther: 17 trials with sites here and elsewhere24

Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 3 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.

8 trials of drugs against IL5 were stopped early

Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 8 most recent of 8.

  • withdrawn · 2024-11-20 · Mayo Clinic · Mepolizumab
    “Funding lost from Sponsor.”
  • terminated · 2024-04-16 · National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) · mepolizumab
    “Study was closed after the first five participants completed their participation due to lack of efficacy.”
  • terminated · 2022-12-14 · Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. · reslizumab
    “Parent Studies didn't meet their primary endpoint so study was terminated.”
  • terminated · 2021-11-09 · Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. · Reslizumab
    “The study was terminated early due to challenges in recruitment. The decision to terminate the study was not related to any safety issues or concerns.”
  • terminated · 2020-02-25 · GlaxoSmithKline · Mepolizumab 100 mg, Placebo matching mepolizumab
    “Study reached pre-determined futility criteria following interim analysis. No safety concerns were noted.”
  • terminated · 2017-07-13 · Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz · Mepolizumab
    “recruitment problems”
  • terminated · 2017-07-07 · GlaxoSmithKline · mepolizumab
    “Study terminated by sponsor (29 Sep 2010). Subjects eligible to continue mepolizumab treatment were transferred into the compassionate use program (MHE104317)”
  • terminated · 2016-06-06 · Teva Branded Pharmaceutical Products R&D, Inc. · Reslizumab
    “Business decision”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for IL5's drugs

For depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.

  • EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-000069-PIP01-07-M09 (Mepolizumab, Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 25 Oct 2024; EMEA-003051-PIP05-22 (depemokimab, Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 6 Feb 2023; EMEA-003051-PIP04-22 (depemokimab, Treatment of eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 30 Dec 2023; EMEA-003051-PIP01-21 (depemokimab, Treatment of nasal polyposis): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 29 Oct 2021; +4 more
    Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/13/1116 withdrawn 12 Mar 2013: Treatment of Churg-Strauss syndrome; EU/3/04/213 withdrawn 29 Jul 2004: Treatment of hypereosinophilic syndrome
    Rule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • Authorised in the EU: yes · Nucala: authorised since 1 Dec 2015; Exdensur: authorised since 12 Feb 2026; Cinqaero: authorised since 15 Aug 2016; Bosatria: application withdrawn, orphan medicine
    Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the link
    Rule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
  • FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab
    Rule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
  • Registered studies open to children: yes · 37 interventional studies of depemokimab, mepolizumab, reslizumab include patients under 18; 2 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or active
    Rule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12

Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs

All 3 drugs and clinical candidates as a table

Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.

DrugTypeHighest stageIndicationsSource records
DEPEMOKIMABAntibodyapprovalNasal polyposis, nasal cavity polyp, asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, +1 moreOpen Targets · ChEMBL
MEPOLIZUMABAntibodyphase 4asthma, chronic rhinosinusitis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, vasculitis, Airway obstruction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, +11 moreOpen Targets · ChEMBL
RESLIZUMABAntibodyphase 4asthma, Airway obstruction, eosinophilic esophagitis, chronic rhinosinusitis, eosinophilic gastroenteritis, hypereosinophilic syndrome, Increased total eosinophil count, eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitisOpen Targets · ChEMBL