IL1R1 interleukin 1 receptor type 1
ENSG00000115594 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Receptor for IL1A, IL1B and IL1RN (PubMed:2950091, PubMed:37315560). After binding to interleukin-1 associates with the coreceptor IL1RAP to form the high affinity interleukin-1 receptor complex which mediates interleukin-1-dependent activation of NF-kappa- B, MAPK and other pathways. Signaling involves the recruitment of adapter molecules such as TOLLIP, MYD88, and IRAK1 or IRAK2 via the respective TIR domains of the receptor/coreceptor subunits. Binds ligands with comparable affinity and binding of antagonist IL1RN prevents association with IL1RAP to form a signaling complex. Involved in IL1B-mediated costimulation of IFNG production from T-helper 1 (Th1) cells (PubMed:10653850). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10653850, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10671496, ECO:0000269|PubMed:2950091, ECO:0000269|PubMed:37315560}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- High-Quality Ligand
- Antibody
- Advanced Clinical, UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM, Human Protein Atlas loc
- PROTAC
- Database Ubiquitination, Small Molecule Binder
- Other modalities
- Approved Drug
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.4380899965763092 (upper bound 0.6255599856376648). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 77 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against IL1R1 (anakinra, AMG-108, MEDI-8968), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Benjamin Van TassellVirginia Commonwealth University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Claudia NoldHudson Institute of Medical Research · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Gergely ToldiStarship Children's Hospital / Liggins Institute · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Nicole BlijlevensRadboud University Medical Center · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Rod HuntMonash Health / Monash University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Adriana TremouletProfessor · 1 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- A. Scott PaulsonCharles A. Sammons Cancer Center/Texas Oncology · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Achille AOUBAUniversity Hospital, Caen · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Adriana H TremouletUCSD · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Andrea VambutasNorthwell Health · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Andrew KingUniversity of Manchester · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Avi LivnehSheba Medical Center, Tel- Hashomer, Ramat- Gan, Israel. · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Bart BiemondAmsterdam UMC · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Bristol-Myers SquibbBristol-Myers Squibb · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
- Carl KirkpatrickMonash University · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of anakinra, AMG-108, MEDI-8968 updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 66 of 73 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 4 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
41 trials of drugs against IL1R1 were stopped early; 3 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of anakinra, AMG-108, MEDI-8968, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 41.
- withdrawn · 2026-10-26 · Meyer Children's Hospital IRCCS · Anakinra“The study protocol was never submitted to the Ethics Committee because the study design was significantly modified and a new funding was secured.”
- terminated · 2026-10-08 · Heidelberg University · Anakinra“Funding issues”
- withdrawn · 2026-08-13 · Kevin McNerney · Anakinra (Kineret®)“The trial has been stopped pending FDA approval of modifications to the trial protocol.”
- withdrawn · 2026-07-16 · Swedish Orphan Biovitrum · Anakinra (Kineret®)“Business decision”
- withdrawn · 2026-06-29 · Swedish Orphan Biovitrum · Anakinra“Business decision.”
- terminated · 2026-04-02 · University Hospital, Caen · ANAKINRA“experimental treatment no longer available”
- withdrawn · 2026-03-05 · University Health Network, Toronto · Anakinra (Kineret®)“Terminated with sponsor-investigator agreement due to extended period without enrollment and the absence of foreseeable participant accrual. No participants were enrolled.”
- terminated · 2026-02-27 · Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center · Anakinra“slow accrual”
- withdrawn · 2026-02-20 · University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland · anakinra“Sponsor- Investigator decision”
- suspended · 2026-02-04 · Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris · Anakinra 100Mg/0.67Ml Inj Syringe, Placebo of Anakinra“Peremption of treatments, difficulty of patients recrutment (28 patients in 3 years) and lack of funding to pursue the study.”
- terminated · 2025-01-29 · University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland · Anakinra Prefilled Syringe“Too low recruitment in group with patients with diabetes.”
- terminated · 2024-08-01 · University of Alabama at Birmingham · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“no further funding to continue, investigator relocated, no replacement found to continue”
- terminated · 2023-08-21 · Tceleron Therapeutics, Inc. · Anakinra“Based on the safety events and evidence of biologic activity without sustained clinical responses the Sponsor finds the risk/benefit analysis unfavorable for patients and has terminated the study.”
- withdrawn · 2022-06-08 · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · Anakinra“Study stopped due to COVID-19 pandemic.”
- terminated · 2022-04-05 · Fundacion Clinic per a la Recerca Biomédica · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“inability to recruit more patients”
- terminated · 2022-03-10 · Swedish Orphan Biovitrum · Anakinra“Standard of care evolved during the timeframe of the study and had critical impact on recruitment. Early termination was not based on safety reasons but due to the reasons mentoined above. The ongoing patients were completed.”
- withdrawn · 2022-01-25 · Weill Medical College of Cornell University · Anakinra“Funding did not go through”
- terminated · 2021-11-24 · Cale Jacobs, PhD · anakinra (150mg)“Lack of funding”
- terminated · 2021-06-30 · Swedish Orphan Biovitrum · anakinra“Meeting enrolment target (81 pat) will not be feasible within reasonable time.”
- withdrawn · 2021-06-11 · Oslo University Hospital · Anakinra 100 mg in 2 ml saline IA“Too few recruitable patients”
- withdrawn · 2021-05-14 · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · Anakinra“[The risk of inhaled allergen challenge and anakinra treatment outweigh benefits to participants with allergic asthma due to the COVID-19 pandemic.”
- withdrawn · 2021-05-07 · University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill · Anakinra“The risk of inhaled allergen challenge and anakinra treatment outweigh benefits to participants with allergic asthma due to the COVID-19 pandemic.”
- terminated · 2021-04-30 · University of Manchester · Anakinra 100Mg/0.67Ml Inj Syringe“Lack of patients in the trial population from which to recruit and lack of funding”
- terminated · 2021-02-23 · Virginia Commonwealth University · Anakinra“Study was terminated because dramatic benefits seen during the first 24 hours of drug administration combined with COVID restrictions on research activities suggested it was both unethical and unnecessary to complete the planned enrollment”
- terminated · 2021-01-15 · University Hospital, Tours · Anakinra plus oSOC“Efficiency and safety reasons”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for IL1R1's drugs
For anakinra, AMG-108, MEDI-8968: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · IL1R1 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMEA-001212-PIP01-11 (anakinra, Treatment of chronic idiopathic arthritis (including rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic arthritis, ankylosing;Treatment of cryopyrin-associated periodic syndromes (CAPS)): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 28 Mar 2012; compliance positive 12 Dec 2014Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA EMEA-001212-PIP01-11, 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: no · No EU orphan designation names anakinra, amg-108, medi-8968Rule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Kineret: authorised since 8 Mar 2002Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA EPAR Kineret, 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of anakinra, amg-108, medi-8968Rule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 39 interventional studies of anakinra, amg-108, medi-8968 include patients under 18; 12 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 3 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.
| Drug | Type | Highest stage | Indications | Source records |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ANAKINRA | Protein | phase 4 | rheumatoid arthritis, CINCA syndrome, immune system disorder, familial Mediterranean fever, pleurisy, synovitis, peritonitis, obesity disorder, +86 more | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| AMG-108 | Unknown | phase 2 | rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes mellitus | Open Targets · ChEMBL |
| MEDI-8968 | Unknown | phase 2 | chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, hidradenitis suppurativa | Open Targets · ChEMBL |