F10 coagulation factor X
ENSG00000126218 · protein coding · Open Targets profile
Factor Xa is a vitamin K-dependent glycoprotein that converts prothrombin to thrombin in the presence of factor Va, calcium and phospholipid during blood clotting (PubMed:22409427, PubMed:39880037). Factor Xa activates pro-inflammatory signaling pathways in a protease- activated receptor (PAR)-dependent manner (PubMed:24041930, PubMed:30568593, PubMed:34831181, PubMed:18202198). Up-regulates expression of protease-activated receptors (PARs) F2R, F2RL1 and F2RL2 in dermal microvascular endothelial cells (PubMed:35738824). Triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1/CCL2 and IL6, in cardiac fibroblasts and umbilical vein endothelial cells in PAR-1/F2R-dependent manner (PubMed:30568593, PubMed:34831181). Triggers the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as MCP-1/CCL2, IL6, TNF/TNF, IL-1beta/IL1B, IL8/CXCL8 and IL18, in endothelial cells and atrial tissues (PubMed:24041930, PubMed:35738824, PubMed:9780208). Induces expression of adhesion molecules, such as ICAM1, VCAM1 and SELE, in endothelial cells and atrial tissues (PubMed:24041930, PubMed:35738824, PubMed:9780208). Increases expression of phosphorylated ERK1/2 in dermal microvascular endothelial cells and atrial tissues (PubMed:24041930, PubMed:35738824). Triggers activation of the transcription factor NF-kappa-B in dermal microvascular endothelial cells and atrial tissues (PubMed:24041930, PubMed:35738824). Activates pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses in dermal fibroblasts and enhances wound healing probably via PAR- 2/F2RL1-dependent mechanism (PubMed:18202198). Activates barrier protective signaling responses in endothelial cells in PAR-2/F2RL1- dependent manner; the activity depends on the cleavage of PAR-2/F2RL1 by factor Xa (PubMed:22409427). Up-regulates expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (SERPINE1) in atrial tissues (PubMed:24041930). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:18202198, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22409427, ECO:0000269|PubMed:24041930, ECO:0000269|PubMed:30568593, ECO:0000269|PubMed:34831181, ECO:0000269|PubMed:35738824, ECO:0000269|PubMed:39880037, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9780208}.
Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.
Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.
Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.
Tractability
- Small molecule
- Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, Med-Quality Pocket, Druggable Family
- Antibody
- GO CC high conf, UniProt loc med conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
- PROTAC
- Small Molecule Binder
- Other modalities
- Approved Drug
gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 0.7814499735832214 (upper bound 1.065500020980835). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.
Who runs trials of these drugs
Principal investigators and study chairs on 381 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against F10 (betrixaban, coagulation factor x human, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, prothrombin complex concentrate, apixaban, emicizumab, bemiparin, idrabiotaparinux, otamixaban, idraparinux, letaxaban), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.
- Lana CastellucciOttawa Hospital Research Institute · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- mohamed G. Zeinhomneurology department kafr el-sheikh university · 3 of 3 trials Phase 2+
- Lei ZhangInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases Hospital Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College · 2 of 6 trials Phase 2+
- Amy D ShapiroIndiana Hemophilia &Thrombosis Center, Inc. · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Emilie Belley-CoteMcMaster University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Fang LiuChildren's Hospital of Fudan University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Gunnar H GislasonDanish Heart Foundation · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- John AlexanderDuke University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Min LouSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Robert SidonioEmory University · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Steven PipeUniversity of Michigan · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Tzu-Fei WangOttawa Hospital Research Institute · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Xiangbin PanNational Center for Cardiovascular Disease, China & Fuwai Hospital · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Zhejie LiuSecond Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University, School of Medicine · 2 of 2 trials Phase 2+
- Aaron W AdayVUMC Cardiovascular Medicine · 1 of 1 trials Phase 2+
Registry trials of betrixaban, coagulation factor x human, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, prothrombin complex concentrate, apixaban, emicizumab, bemiparin, idrabiotaparinux, otamixaban, idraparinux, letaxaban updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 280 of 358 have all sites in one country.
Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. 23 trials list no sites and are left out. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.
118 trials of drugs against F10 were stopped early; 12 give no reason
Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of betrixaban, coagulation factor x human, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, prothrombin complex concentrate, apixaban, emicizumab, bemiparin, idrabiotaparinux, otamixaban, idraparinux, letaxaban, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 25 most recent of 118.
- terminated · 2026-11-10 · University of Maryland, Baltimore · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Standard practice change prohibited enrollment”
- withdrawn · 2026-11-06 · Emory University · Emicizumab“The study was withdrawn because the pharmaceutical sponsor withdrew support for the study. No participants were enrolled before termination.”
- withdrawn · 2026-11-05 · Kedrion S.p.A. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Study was discontinued for non-safety reasons and the rapidly evolving treatment landscape for AL amyloidosis.”
- terminated · 2026-10-21 · University Health Network, Toronto · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Upon IDSMC's review of interim data, they recommended the trial be stopped based on futility.”
- terminated · 2026-10-05 · Pfizer · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study was terminated early due to Sponsor and participants may transition into a long-term follow-up study. The decision to terminate the trial was not based on any safety and/or efficacy concerns.”
- terminated · 2026-07-31 · Spur Therapeutics · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Freeline has decided to pause development of FLT180a for business priorities”
- terminated · 2026-07-24 · AstraZeneca · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The study terminated because the clinical development programme for Ceralasertib has been discontinued.”
- terminated · 2026-06-25 · Octapharma · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Following Interim Analysis IDMEAC concluded:1-No safety concerns 2-Suspend enrolment: Futility based on treatment effect size at interim analysis. Enrollment was suspended on 22DEC25. Study was terminated FEB2026. Final analysis is planned in Q2 2026”
- terminated · 2026-06-24 · SHI Jia · Prothrombin Complex Concentrate, Human“At a meeting on February 17, 2025, the Data and Safety Monitoring Board recommended early termination because the predefined efficacy boundary was crossed.”
- terminated · 2026-05-05 · Ottawa Heart Institute Research Corporation · Rivaroxaban 15 MG Oral Tablet [Xarelto]“Assessment for futility”
- terminated · 2026-04-20 · AMAG Pharmaceuticals, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Sponsor decision unrelated to safety”
- withdrawn · 2026-04-07 · University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center · Emicizumab“Due to COVID-19 pandemic, recruitment was temporarily put on hold. We are withdrawing this registration due to a recent amendment to the protocol that includes major changes to data elements. A new registration will be submitted for the new protocol.”
- terminated · 2026-02-23 · Anthos Therapeutics, Inc. · Apixaban“Sponsor decision”
- terminated · 2025-12-10 · CSL Behring · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Study was terminated early because mortality was lower than expected and a significant increase in sample size would have been required to meet statistical goals of the study. No safety reasons were involved in the decision to terminate the study.”
- withdrawn · 2025-11-04 · Brian O'Neill MD · Market approved oral anticoagulation (OAC), such as warfarin (Coumadin), dabigatran (Pradaxa), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixiban (Eliquis), edoxaban (Savaysa), or betrixaban (Bevyxxa)“Lack of Funding”
- terminated · 2025-06-22 · Imperial College London · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The trial failed to meet the milestones in the internal pilot of feasibility. The trial was redesigned to improve its deliverability and reduce burden to sites prior to being relaunched. Unfortunately, the trial failed to sufficiently recruit.”
- terminated · 2025-06-15 · Montreal Heart Institute · Rivaroxaban“Consensus BRAIN-AF Executive Steering Committee to terminate.”
- terminated · 2025-05-04 · CytoSorbents, Inc · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Sponsor's decision for business reasons.”
- terminated · 2025-04-09 · Columbia University · Apixaban“The DSMB halted the trial prematurely due to futility without any safety concerns.”
- terminated · 2025-03-19 · University Health Network, Toronto · Rivaroxaban 10 MG“Study terminated due to slow recruitment.”
- terminated · 2025-02-06 · Atrial Fibrillation Network · Edoxaban“following a recommendation from the data safety and monitoring board due to safety concerns and a tendency towards futility.”
- terminated · 2024-12-27 · National Hospital Organization Osaka National Hospital · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“The trial was terminated at the planned interim analysis for futility on July 18, 2023.”
- withdrawn · 2024-12-13 · Spark Therapeutics, Inc. · matched by the registry's drug synonyms“Strategic Decision”
- terminated · 2024-12-09 · Bayer · Apixaban, Apixaban matching placebo“Independent Data Monitoring Committee (IDMC) recommendation to stop the study”
- terminated · 2024-07-26 · Hopital Lariboisière · Apixaban 5 mg“not enough patients”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for F10's drugs
For betrixaban, coagulation factor x human, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, prothrombin complex concentrate, apixaban, emicizumab, bemiparin, idrabiotaparinux, otamixaban, idraparinux, letaxaban: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.
- FDA pediatric target list: no · F10 is not on the listRule: Target is on FDA's Pediatric Molecular Target List (relevant targets). Source: FDA Pediatric Molecular Target List (Listed as February 2026 on the FDA Pediatric Oncology page; the file served is 9.7.22_the_relevant_molecular_target_list.xlsx, whose Summary of Changes sheet is headed 'SEPTEMBER 2022 UPDATE' (footnote date 2022-09-01)), 2026-11-11
- EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMA/PE/0000238858 (acetylsalicylic acid;rivaroxaban, Prevention of atherothrombotic events): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 16 Apr 2025; EMEA-000183-PIP02-12-M05 (apixaban, Treatment of venous thromboembolism): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 6 May 2024; EMEA-003412-PIP01-23 (amlodipine besilate;rivaroxaban, Prevention of thromboembolic events;Treatment of hypertension): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 14 Jul 2023; EMEA-003308-PIP01-22 (rivaroxaban;acetylsalicylic acid, Prevention of atherothrombotic events): W: decision granting a waiver in all age groups for all conditions or indications, 31 Jan 2023; +6 moreRule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/13/1221 withdrawn 16 Jan 2014: Treatment of haemophilia ARule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA EU/3/13/1221, 2026-11-11
- Authorised in the EU: yes · Rivaroxaban Viatris (previously Rivaroxaban Mylan): authorised since 12 Nov 2021; Hemlibra: authorised since 23 Feb 2018; Svariya (previously Rivaroxaban Koanaa): authorised since 21 Nov 2025; Xarelto: authorised since 30 Sept 2008; +6 moreRule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
- FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the linkRule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
- FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of betrixaban, coagulation factor x human, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, prothrombin complex concentrate, apixaban, emicizumab, bemiparin, idrabiotaparinux, otamixaban, idraparinux, letaxabanRule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
- Registered studies open to children: yes · 148 interventional studies of betrixaban, coagulation factor x human, edoxaban, rivaroxaban, prothrombin complex concentrate, apixaban, emicizumab, bemiparin, idrabiotaparinux, otamixaban, idraparinux, letaxaban include patients under 18; 28 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or activeRule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12
Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs
All 16 drugs and clinical candidates as a table
Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.