OncoSignal
Live from Open Targets Platform, fetched 2026-11-12 06:54 UTC. Every row links to its source record.

CFTR CF transmembrane conductance regulator

ENSG00000001626 · protein coding · Open Targets profile

Epithelial ion channel that plays an important role in the regulation of epithelial ion and water transport and fluid homeostasis (PubMed:26823428). Mediates the transport of chloride ions across the cell membrane (PubMed:10792060, PubMed:11524016, PubMed:11707463, PubMed:12519745, PubMed:12529365, PubMed:12588899, PubMed:12727866, PubMed:15010471, PubMed:17036051, PubMed:1712898, PubMed:17182731, PubMed:19398555, PubMed:19621064, PubMed:22178883, PubMed:25330774, PubMed:26846474, PubMed:28087700, PubMed:8910473, PubMed:9804160). Possesses an intrinsic ATPase activity and utilizes ATP to gate its channel; the passive flow of anions through the channel is gated by cycles of ATP binding and hydrolysis by the ATP-binding domains (PubMed:11524016, PubMed:15284228, PubMed:26627831, PubMed:8910473). The ion channel is also permeable to HCO(3)(-); selectivity depends on the extracellular chloride concentration (PubMed:15010471, PubMed:19019741). In vitro, mediates ATP-dependent glutathione flux (PubMed:12727866). Exerts its function also by modulating the activity of other ion channels and transporters (PubMed:12403779, PubMed:22121115, PubMed:22178883, PubMed:27941075). Plays an important role in airway fluid homeostasis (PubMed:16645176, PubMed:19621064, PubMed:26823428). Contributes to the regulation of the pH and the ion content of the airway surface fluid layer and thereby plays an important role in defense against pathogens (PubMed:14668433, PubMed:16645176, PubMed:26823428). Modulates the activity of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) complex, in part by regulating the cell surface expression of the ENaC complex (PubMed:17182731, PubMed:17434346, PubMed:27941075). Inhibits the activity of the ENaC channel containing subunits SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G (PubMed:17182731). Inhibits the activity of the ENaC channel containing subunits SCNN1D, SCNN1B and SCNN1G, but not of the ENaC channel containing subunits SCNN1A, SCNN1B and SCNN1G (PubMed:17182731, PubMed:27941075). May regulate bicarbonate secretion and salvage in epithelial cells by regulating the transporter SLC4A7 (PubMed:12403779). Can inhibit the chloride channel activity of ANO1 (PubMed:22178883). Plays a role in the chloride and bicarbonate homeostasis during sperm epididymal maturation and capacitation (PubMed:19923167, PubMed:27714810, PubMed:29393851). {ECO:0000269|PubMed:10792060, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11524016, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11707463, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12403779, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12519745, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12529365, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12588899, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12727866, ECO:0000269|PubMed:14668433, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15010471, ECO:0000269|PubMed:15284228, ECO:0000269|PubMed:16645176, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17036051, ECO:0000269|PubMed:1712898, ECO:0000269|PubMed:17182731, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19019741, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19398555, ECO:0000269|PubMed:19621064, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22178883, ECO:0000269|PubMed:25330774, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26627831, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26823428, ECO:0000269|PubMed:26846474, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27714810, ECO:0000269|PubMed:27941075, ECO:0000269|PubMed:28087700, ECO:0000269|PubMed:29393851, ECO:0000269|PubMed:8910473, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9804160, ECO:0000305|PubMed:19923167}.

7 of the 13 drugs recorded against CFTR are approved, and 1 more reached Phase 3

Each band is a group of drugs. It runs from the kind of drug on the left to the furthest stage that drug has reached in any disease on the right. Thicker bands mean more drugs.

7 small molecule drugs at Approved: DEUTIVACAFTOR, VANZACAFTOR, TEZACAFTOR, IVACAFTOR, CROFELEMER, ELEXACAFTOR, LUMACAFTOR1 small molecule drug at Phase 3: BAMOCAFTOR5 small molecule drugs at Phase 2: GALICAFTOR, OLACAFTOR, ICENTICAFTOR, NAVOCAFTOR, IOWH-032Small molecule 13Approved 7Phase 3 1Phase 2 5

Approved bands are highlighted. Withdrawn means the drug was pulled from the market or from development. A combined phase counts as the later one (Phase 1/2 is shown as Phase 2). Hover a band for the drug names. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

In 3 of 15 cancers, the evidence for CFTR comes mainly from inherited variants

Each row is a cancer, strongest overall evidence first. The two dots show how strong the inherited (germline) and tumour-mutation (somatic) evidence is; the line between them is the gap.

Inherited (germline) variantsMutations in tumours (somatic)
00.250.50.751familial atypical multiple mole melanom…familial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndromefamilial atypical multiple mole melanoma syndrome: germline 0.70hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancerhereditary nonpolyposis colon cancerhereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer: germline 0.56esophageal adenocarcinomaesophageal adenocarcinomaesophageal adenocarcinoma: germline 0.34colorectal carcinomacolorectal carcinomacervical carcinomacervical carcinomacervical cancercervical cancerleukemialeukemialung adenocarcinomalung adenocarcinomalung carcinomalung carcinomabreast cancerbreast cancerthyroid gland papillary carcinomathyroid gland papillary carcinomalung cancerlung canceracute leukemiaacute leukemiacentral nervous system cancercentral nervous system cancergliomaglioma

Scores run from 0 (no evidence) to 1 (strongest). A missing dot at 0 means Open Targets holds no evidence of that kind. Source: Open Targets Platform, fetched live.

Tractability

Small molecule
Approved Drug, Structure with Ligand, High-Quality Ligand, High-Quality Pocket, Druggable Family
Antibody
UniProt loc high conf, GO CC high conf, UniProt SigP or TMHMM
PROTAC
UniProt Ubiquitination, Database Ubiquitination, Small Molecule Binder

gnomAD loss of function constraint: o/e 1.0547000169754028 (upper bound 1.1930999755859375). Low values mean loss of function is poorly tolerated, a safety flag for inhibition.

Who runs trials of these drugs

Principal investigators and study chairs on 61 registry trials, updated in the last three years, of the most advanced drugs against CFTR (deutivacaftor, vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, ivacaftor, crofelemer, elexacaftor, lumacaftor, bamocaftor, galicaftor, olacaftor, icenticaftor, navocaftor), ranked by Phase 2+ trials. Live from ClinicalTrials.gov.

20 of 61 trials of drugs against CFTR have sites only in United States

Registry trials of deutivacaftor, vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, ivacaftor, crofelemer, elexacaftor, lumacaftor, bamocaftor, galicaftor, olacaftor, icenticaftor, navocaftor updated in the last three years, counted by the country group of their listed sites. A trial with sites in several groups counts in each; 34 of 61 have all sites in one country.

Sites only in this groupSites here and elsewhere
United StatesUnited States: 20 trials with sites only hereUnited States: 17 trials with sites here and elsewhere37ChinaChina: 0 trials with sites only hereChina: 1 trials with sites here and elsewhere1EuropeEurope: 15 trials with sites only hereEurope: 22 trials with sites here and elsewhere37OtherOther: 2 trials with sites only hereOther: 23 trials with sites here and elsewhere25

Site counts are not patients per country, and trials registered only outside ClinicalTrials.gov are not covered. Where sites are is a fact about the record, not a judgement of its quality. Europe is the EU and EEA, the UK and Switzerland. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov, fetched live.

18 trials of drugs against CFTR were stopped early; 1 give no reason

Terminated, withdrawn and suspended interventional trials of deutivacaftor, vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, ivacaftor, crofelemer, elexacaftor, lumacaftor, bamocaftor, galicaftor, olacaftor, icenticaftor, navocaftor, newest update first, live from ClinicalTrials.gov. Each reason is quoted exactly as the registry gives it; we do not sort reasons into safety, efficacy or business. Dates are the last registry update. Showing the 18 most recent of 18.

  • terminated · 2026-03-10 · Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center · Crofelemer
    “low enrollment”
  • terminated · 2025-09-26 · Novartis Pharmaceuticals · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Strategic business decision”
  • terminated · 2025-04-16 · University of Alabama at Birmingham · Ivacaftor and Symdeko
    “summary results revealed ineffective intervention and the trial was terminated prematurely. No formal statistical analysis was performed”
  • terminated · 2024-07-16 · AbbVie · Galicaftor, Navocaftor
    “Strategic considerations”
  • terminated · 2024-06-20 · Novartis Pharmaceuticals · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Sponsor decision”
  • withdrawn · 2023-12-11 · Universidad Europea de Madrid · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “we did not receive expected funding”
  • withdrawn · 2022-02-17 · University of Alabama at Birmingham · Ivacaftor (VX-770)
    “no participants enrolled”
  • withdrawn · 2022-01-27 · University of Alabama at Birmingham · Ivacaftor
    “Study never started due to change in availability of study drug”
  • terminated · 2022-01-25 · Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “At Sponsor's Discretion”
  • terminated · 2020-12-30 · Novartis Pharmaceuticals · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    No reason given
  • terminated · 2020-08-26 · Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Decision by Sponsor.”
  • terminated · 2020-04-08 · University Hospital, Antwerp · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Patient inclusion has stopped after interim analysis.”
  • terminated · 2020-02-05 · Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Study discontinued after Part A due to Sponsor's discretion.”
  • withdrawn · 2019-07-31 · Massachusetts General Hospital · Lumacaftor-ivacaftor
    “Potential subjects were already on the combination therapy.”
  • terminated · 2018-11-19 · Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated · ivacaftor
    “Low enrollment.”
  • terminated · 2018-09-27 · Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated · matched by the registry's drug synonyms
    “Study terminated early due to slow recruitment of patients.”
  • terminated · 2018-05-21 · Massachusetts General Hospital · lumacaftor-ivacaftor
    “We were unable to enroll eligible subjects for the study.”
  • terminated · 2015-09-11 · Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated · Ivacaftor
    “Following review of results obtained from a pre-specified 6-month analysis of Part B data the study was terminated on the basis of futility.”
Paediatric incentives and obligations for CFTR's drugs

For deutivacaftor, vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, ivacaftor, crofelemer, elexacaftor, lumacaftor, bamocaftor, galicaftor, olacaftor, icenticaftor, navocaftor: what EMA and FDA publish about paediatric plans, orphan status and pediatric approvals, and how many registered studies take children. Each line is a yes, no or not published fact from the record linked under it; none of it is a forecast.

  • EU paediatric investigation plan: yes · EMA/PE/0000227394 (tezacaftor;ivacaftor, Treatment of cystic fibrosis): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 28 Jan 2025; EMEA-000335-PIP01-08-M15 (ivacaftor, Treatment of cystic fibrosis): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 6 Jan 2023; compliance positive 20 Jan 2023; EMEA-002324-PIP01-17-M05 (elexacaftor;tezacaftor;ivacaftor, Treatment of cystic fibrosis): PM: decision on the application for modification of an agreed PIP, 28 Sept 2023; EMEA-003296-PIP01-22 (crofelemer, Treatment of short bowel syndrome): P: decision agreeing on a investigation plan, with or without partial waiver(s) and or deferral(s), 14 Jun 2023; +4 more
    Rule: An EMA PIP decision (agreement, modification or waiver) lists the drug as its active substance, exact name. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • EU orphan designation: yes · EU/3/21/2527 positive 12 Nov 2021: Treatment of cystic fibrosis; EU/3/22/2693 positive 11 Oct 2022: Treatment of microvillus inclusion disease; EU/3/08/556 expired 8 Jul 2008: Treatment of cystic fibrosis; EU/3/21/2541 positive 10 Dec 2021: Treatment of short bowel syndrome; +7 more
    Rule: An EU orphan designation lists the drug as its active substance (exact name) or belongs to a medicine that does; withdrawn and expired designations are listed with their status. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • Authorised in the EU: yes · Kaftrio: authorised since 21 Aug 2020, orphan medicine; Alyftrek: authorised since 30 Jun 2025, orphan medicine; Orkambi: authorised since 19 Nov 2015; Symkevi: authorised since 31 Oct 2018, orphan medicine; +1 more
    Rule: An EMA medicine record lists the drug as its active substance or INN, exact name; national-only authorisations are not in this file. Source: EMA data download (dated snapshot), 2026-11-11
  • FDA orphan designation: not published · FDA's orphan designation database turns away automated requests, so this app does not read it; search it by hand at the link
    Rule: Would be: an FDA orphan designation names the drug. Source: FDA orphan designations search
  • FDA pediatric oncology approval: no · FDA's table lists no pediatric approval of deutivacaftor, vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, ivacaftor, crofelemer, elexacaftor, lumacaftor, bamocaftor, galicaftor, olacaftor, icenticaftor, navocaftor
    Rule: FDA's Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals table names the drug. Source: FDA Pediatric Oncology Drug Approvals (content current as of 2026-03-03), 2026-11-12
  • Registered studies open to children: yes · 94 interventional studies of deutivacaftor, vanzacaftor, tezacaftor, ivacaftor, crofelemer, elexacaftor, lumacaftor, bamocaftor, galicaftor, olacaftor, icenticaftor, navocaftor include patients under 18; 12 are recruiting, not yet recruiting or active
    Rule: The registry's age group includes Child (birth to 17 years), which also counts studies that set no minimum age. Source: ClinicalTrials.gov search, 2026-11-12

Rare pediatric disease voucher. FDA, content current as of 29 Apr 2026: “As of February 3, 2026, enactment of the Consolidated Appropriations Act, 2026, the rare pediatric disease PRV program will sunset after September 30, 2029. FDA may not award any PRVs under this program after September 30, 2029.” Voucher sale prices are not shown here; they appear only as company-reported news. FDA: Rare Pediatric Disease Designation and Priority Review Voucher Programs

All 13 drugs and clinical candidates as a table

Each drug, stage and indication links to its Open Targets record, where the trials and approvals behind it are listed. Salt forms (for example a mesylate) are listed as Open Targets records them, as separate entries.

DrugTypeHighest stageIndicationsSource records
DEUTIVACAFTORSmall moleculeapprovalcystic fibrosisOpen Targets · ChEMBL
VANZACAFTORSmall moleculeapprovalcystic fibrosisOpen Targets · ChEMBL
TEZACAFTORSmall moleculephase 4cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, Impaired glucose tolerance, Dyspnea, chronic rhinosinusitis, abnormal glucose toleranceOpen Targets · ChEMBL
IVACAFTORSmall moleculephase 4cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, respiratory system disorder, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, Impaired glucose tolerance, Kartagener Syndrome, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, chronic bronchitis, +4 moreOpen Targets · ChEMBL
CROFELEMERSmall moleculephase 4diarrheal disease, microvillus inclusion disease, irritable bowel syndrome, breast cancer, short bowel syndrome, AIDSOpen Targets · ChEMBL
ELEXACAFTORSmall moleculephase 4cystic fibrosis, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, Impaired glucose tolerance, Dyspnea, chronic rhinosinusitis, abnormal glucose toleranceOpen Targets · ChEMBL
LUMACAFTORSmall moleculephase 4cystic fibrosis, acute lung injury, Prolonged QT interval, familial long QT syndrome, cystic fibrosis-related diabetes, abnormal glucose toleranceOpen Targets · ChEMBL
BAMOCAFTORSmall moleculephase 3cystic fibrosisOpen Targets · ChEMBL
GALICAFTORSmall moleculephase 2cystic fibrosisOpen Targets · ChEMBL
OLACAFTORSmall moleculephase 2cystic fibrosisOpen Targets · ChEMBL
ICENTICAFTORSmall moleculephase 2chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, bronchiectasis, cystic fibrosisOpen Targets · ChEMBL
NAVOCAFTORSmall moleculephase 2cystic fibrosisOpen Targets · ChEMBL
IOWH-032Small moleculephase 2diarrheal disease, vibrio infectious disease, gastrointestinal diseaseOpen Targets · ChEMBL